The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament; - The Search For ...

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306 THE CUNEIFOBM INSCRIPTIONS AND TEE 0. T. no space in the Biblical record for this subsequent campaign. It is at Lakish (where Sanherib is supposed by Rawlinson to have held his court during his second expedition against Aegypt) that we already find the Great King at the very time when he was receiving the tribute from Hezekiah (2 Kings XVIU. 14), that is, according to Raw- linson, during the first campaign. Yet it is hardly to be supposed that Sanherib on both occasions made exactly the same spot his head-quarters, and also that Hezekiah despatched envoys to him both times just at the moment when the Great King was staying at this place , no earlier and no later! Besides, Sanherib in his military records says not a syllable about this second campaign against Syria. If the second campaign actually occurred, this silence 313 would be altogether incomprehensible, because something by way of glorification might undoubtedly have been reported by the Great King of an invasion that could extend close up to the Aegyptian frontier. And lastly, as we have already shown, those who can read between the lines can perceive from the narrative of the Great King with tolerable clearness, that the success of his enterprise against Aegypt was no very striking one.* Why should we then II ed. London 1862 Vol. 1 p. 393, and G. Rawlinson, The Five Great monarchies 2'id cd. Vol. II p. 165 ; comp. above 306 foil. note. [J. Oppert in his Memoire sur les rapports de I'Egypte et de I'Assyrie dans I'antiquit^ p. 22 foil, maintains the view that is held by Dr. Schrader, that the events described in the Old Testament and the cuneiform inscriptions refer to a single campaign, as opposed to Rawlinson's theory of two campaigns.— Translator.] * In this connection I would draw attention to the fact that San- herib in his triumphal inscriptions refers to the payment of tribute by Hezekiah and to that king's position as a vassal (comp. for example the inscription of Constantinople I Rawl. 43 line 15 ; see above on 1 Kings XIV. 21), but that he makes no mention of the victory over
SECOND BOOK OF KINGS XV111. 307 assume a second and special Syro-Aegjptian expedition conducted by Sanherib , about which both Assyrian and Biblical sources of information say not a single word ? In conclusion, a few words on the date of the king's Palestinian campaign. According to the Canon of Rulers, Sanherib began his reign in the year 705. Accordingly the campaign must have fallen subsequent to this year. We have no means, however, of directly fixing its date. Thus 314 Sanherib's cylinder, which narrates this campaign, does not detail his military expeditions according to the years of the king's reign, as is done, for instance, by the obelisk-inscription of Salmanassar II, and by the annals of Tiglath- Pileser II and of Sargon. Instead of this, like Asur- banipal's great inscription, it relates the deeds of the king in "campaigns", Assyr. girru or girti (see above). These accounts commence in each case with the words:— In a sS,nt or salsi &c. girrija "in my second, third &c. campaign". There are altogether eight campaigns which are reported in this way. But the inscription does not in- Aegypt, which he would scarcely have omitted to do if that victory at Altakii had really been a glorious one. G. Smith, in Lepsius' Zeit- schrift 1870 p. 40, brings forward as an argument in favour of the hypothesis of a double Syro-Palestinian campaign the circumstance, that Sanherib in his "first" expedition mentions a certain Malik ram as king of Edom (Taylor-Cylinder col. II), while Asarhaddon (Cylind. col. II. 55 foil.) speaks of Hazailu as an Edomite king conquered by Sanherib. According to Smith, this points to a second and later campaign of the Assyrian monarch. But I cannot regard this as form- ing any evidence, because Asarhaddon in the above passage does not refer at all to "Edom" (Udumu) but rather to a town Adumu in the land Aribi, which is always perfectly distinct from Edom in the inscriptions. We are familiar with other instances of cities possessing this name, comp. HOIN Gen. X. 19; HOIN Josh. XIX. 36 (while we have ^on{< in verse 33). T : - T T -:
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THEOLOGICAL TRANSLATION FUN D LIBRA
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