Establecimiento de cuatro especies de Quercus en el sur de la ...

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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity effects on seedling growth and establishment in four Quercus species Establishment success (a combination of emergence and survival) at the end of the summer was generally higher for Q. ilex (22%) and Q. suber (15%) in plot 1 (Table 3). Establishment success in July, where an adequate number of plants for assessment of each species remained, exhibited an aggregation pattern in Q. ilex and Q. suber in plot 1 (Table 3, Fig. 2). The pattern for Q. ilex reflected aggregation in both emergence and survival, whereas that for Q. suber was aggregated in survival only. On the other hand, only Q. pyrenaica in plot 2 exhibited aggregation in establishment success ─ reflecting aggregation in both emergence and survival ─ in July (Table 3, Fig. 2). Establishment success for the four species as a whole was aggregated in the three sampling months except in plot 2 in July ─where small patches of local aggregation were apparent, however (Fig. 2). As with survival, the aggregation patterns for establishment success persisted throughout the dry period. Also, low‐success gaps increased during the dry season (July to September, Appendix 1). Success for all species as a whole at the end of the summer also exhibited an aggregation pattern (Fig. 3A). No spatial aggregation in plant growth was detected in growth‐related parameters (leaf mass, aerial and total stem mass, RGR stem and RGR aerial ) in the four species. Only Q. ilex in plot 1 exhibited an aggregated spatial pattern in stem biomass, leaf area and RGR stem , and in stem height in plot 2 (Appendix S2). Spatial covariance between variables Some variables were found to exhibit significant positive association (Table 4). Thus, plot 1 exhibited covariance between light availability (GSF) and moisture in September. Also, establishment success for Q. ilex in July was spatially associated to moisture in the same month. There was no covariance, however, between other environmental factors and emergence or survival of Quercus in this plot. Stem biomass for Q. ilex in plot 1 was associated to light availability. 86
Capítulo 3 Figure 2. Maps of clustering indices (υ) for establishment success (living seedlings with respect to dead or non‐emerged plants) in the four species and both studied plots in July. For details, see Fig. 1. 87
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Establecimiento de cuatro especies
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M. Victoria González Rodríguez Á
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“Cuando observo un bosque que qui
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INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL
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Introducción general plántulas (o
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Introducción general Peso semilla
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Introducción general Ya sea para s
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Introducción general 2) Explorar l
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Introducción general ASPECTOS NOVE
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MÉTODOS GENERALES
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Métodos ombroclima sub‐húmedo.
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Métodos conservación gracias el p
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Métodos distintas adaptaciones y r
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Métodos estoloniferos, siendo más
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CAPÍTULO 1 Depredación post‐dis
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Capítulo 1 ABSTRACT In the Iberian
Page 37 and 38: Capítulo 1 2004; Baraloto et al.,
Page 39 and 40: Capítulo 1 Toma de datos En cada u
Page 41 and 42: Capítulo 1 mediante anova de un fa
Page 43 and 44: Capítulo 1 Depredación fuera del
Page 45 and 46: Capítulo 1 Remoción (%) 100 80 60
Page 47 and 48: Capítulo 1 Por otro lado, los pina
Page 49 and 50: Capítulo 1 producción de bellotas
Page 51 and 52: CAPÍTULO 2 Maternal influences on
Page 53 and 54: Capítulo 2 RESUMEN El peso de una
Page 55 and 56: Capítulo 2 deeper layers of the so
Page 57 and 58: Capítulo 2 Plant cultivation In De
Page 59 and 60: Capítulo 2 variables. SMA techniqu
Page 61 and 62: Capítulo 2 A log 10 used reserve (
Page 63 and 64: Capítulo 2 Testing the three hypot
Page 66 and 67: Maternal influences on seed‐mass
Page 72 and 73: SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX Appendix S1. Re
Page 75 and 76: CAPÍTULO 3 Spatial and temporal he
Page 77 and 78: Capítulo 3 RESUMEN La gran heterog
Page 79 and 80: Capítulo 3 aggregation; on the oth
Page 81 and 82: Capítulo 3 Q. faginea exhibited th
Page 83 and 84: Capítulo 3 July measurements were
Page 85 and 86: Capítulo 3 distribution were devel
Page 87: Capítulo 3 Table 3. Emergence and
Page 91 and 92: Capítulo 3 Herb production in plot
Page 93 and 94: Capítulo 3 1,4 1,2 Q. ilex 1,4 1,2
Page 95 and 96: Capítulo 3 DISCUSSION Environmenta
Page 97 and 98: Capítulo 3 conclusions have been r
Page 99 and 100: Capítulo 3 environmental condition
Page 101 and 102: Capítulo 3 environmental condition
Page 103 and 104: Appendix S2. Means, standard deviat
Page 105 and 106: CAPÍTULO 4 Whithin population vari
Page 107 and 108: Capítulo 4 RESUMEN La regeneració
Page 109 and 110: Capítulo 4 environmental constrain
Page 111 and 112: Capítulo 4 (pag 29). In order to c
Page 113 and 114: Capítulo 4 all non‐destructive s
Page 115 and 116: Capítulo 4 In addition, to explore
Page 117 and 118: Capítulo 4 Time to emergence was d
Page 119 and 120: Capítulo 4 seedlings with summer i
Page 121 and 122: Capítulo 4 For non‐irrigated see
Page 123 and 124: Capítulo 4 For all four oak specie
Page 125 and 126: Capítulo 4 environmental extremes.
Page 127 and 128: Capítulo 4 longer roots and thus r
Page 129 and 130: Capítulo 4 Within‐population var
Page 131 and 132: Capítulo 4 SUPPLEMENTARY INDEX App
Page 133 and 134: CAPÍTULO 5 Reforestation with Quer
Page 135 and 136: Capítulo 5 RESUMEN La limitada cap
Page 137 and 138: Capítulo 5 seeding (Bullard et al.
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Capítulo 5 Lamhamedi et al., 1998)
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Capítulo 5 a b T (ºC) 35 30 25 20
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Capítulo 5 At the end of September
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Capítulo 5 Table 2. Percent surviv
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Capítulo 5 except for the 3‐year
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Capítulo 5 DISCUSSION In this stud
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Capítulo 5 root/shoots ratios in 3
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Capítulo 5 Large seedlings grown i
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DISCUSIÓN GENERAL
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Discusión general que la emergenci
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Discusión general En resumen, y al
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Discusión general profundas que va
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Discusión general carácter caduci
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Discusión general tanto las plánt
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Discusión general específico y el
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Discusión general Aparicio et al.,
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Discusión general B) Para los dato
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Discusión general Anexo 5: Diferen
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CONCLUSIONES
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Conclusiones 7. El tiempo de emerge
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REFERENCIAS
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Referencias Blondel, J., Aronson, J
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Referencias Denslow, J.S., Ellison,
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Referencias Herrera, J. 1995. Acorn
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Referencias López, A.M., Muñoz, J
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Referencias Pemán, J., Voltas, J.,
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Referencias Rey Benayas, J.M., Lóp
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Referencias Terradas, J. 1999. Holm
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Referencias Xiao, Z., Zhang, Z., Wa
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AGRADECIMIENTOS
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Agradecimientos en lo laboral: comp
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ANEXO DE FOTOS
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Anexo de fotos Foto 7. Cercado expe
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