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Soil water content measured by FDR probes and thresholds for drip irrigation management in peach trees 321corresponding upper 142 mm 0.5 m -1 and lower 128 mm 0.5m -1 thresholds of the soil water content needed to schedule adrip irrigation that supplies the plant water requirements withthe minimum of undesired water losses. Also, it was possibleto reduce irrigation water from 222 to 116 mm, with no effecton plant productive potential; moreover, it increased thewater use efficiency from 2.7 kg m -3 to 5.0 kg m -3 .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was supported by Ministerio de Educacióny Ciencia (MEC), (CICYT- AGL2002-04048-C03-03;AGL2004-0794-C03-02) and AECI (769/03) grants to theauthor O. Mounzer and I. Abrisqueta received researchfellowships (FPI) from MEC of Spain.REFERENCESAllen, R. G.; Pereira, J. S.; Raes, D. and Smith, M. 1998.Crop evapotranspiration: guidelines for computingcrop water requirements. Vol. 56. Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO), Rome, 300 pp.Australian Academy of Technological Sciences andEngineering. 1999. Water and the Australianeconomy: a joint study project of the AustralianAcademy of Technological Sciences and Engineeringand the Institution of Engineers, Australia. AustralianAcademy of Technological Sciences and Engineering,Parkville, Victoria, Australia.Consejería de Agricultura, Agua y Medio ambiente Regiónde Murcia, (CAAMA) 2000. Memoria 1999/2000.España. 222 pp.Dane, J. H. and Topp, G. C. 2002. Methods of soil analysis.Part 4: Physical methods. Soil Science of AmericaBooks Series: 5. Madison, WI: Soil Science ofAmerica.Dean, T. J.; Bell, J. P. and Baty, A. J. B. 1987. Soil moisturemeasurement by an improved capacitance technique,Part I. sensor design and performance. Journal ofHydrology 93:67-78.Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W. O. 1986. Las necesidades deagua de los cultivos. Vol. 24. Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome,194 p.Elmaloglou, S. T. and Malamos, N. 2006. A methodologyfor determining the surface and vertical componentsof the wetting front under a surface point source,with root water uptake and evaporation. Irrigationand Drainage. 55:99-111.Fereres, E. and Goldhamer, D. A. 1990. Deciduous fruitand nut trees. In: Irrigation of Agricultural Crops.Steward, B. A. and Nielsen, D. R. (Eds.), Agronomyn.° 30. Published by ASA, CSSA y SSA, Madison.Wisconsin. USA. 987-1017.Goldhamer, D. A.; Fereres, E.; Mata, M.; Girona, J. andCohen, M. 1999. Sensitivity of continuous anddiscrete plant and soil water status monitoring inpeach trees subjected to deficit irrigation. Journalof American Society for Horticultural Science.124:437-444.Hsiao, T. C. 1990. Measurements of plant water status.In: Stewart, B. A. Nielsen, D. R. (eds.) Irrigation ofagricultural crops. American Society of AgronomyMonograph n. o 30, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 243-279.Intrigliolo, D. S. and Castel, J. R. 2004. Continuousmeasurement of plant and soil water status forirrigation scheduling in plum. Irrigation Science.23:93-102. DOI 10.1007/s00271-004-0097-7.Jones, H. G. 2004. Irrigation scheduling: advantagesand pitfalls of plant-based methods. Journal ofExperimental Botany. 55, 2427-2436.Jury, W. A.; Gardner, W. R. and Gardner, W. H. 1991. Soilphysics. John Willey and Sons, Inc. New York. 328pp.Lampinen, B. D.; Shackel, K. A.; Southwick, S. M.; Olson,B.; Goldhamer, D. and Yeager, J. T. 1995. Sensitivityof yield and fruit quality of French prune to waterdeprivation at different fruit growth stages. Journalof American Society for Horticultural Science.120(2):139-147.Mc Cutchan, H. and Shackel, K. A. 1992. Stem-waterpotential as a sensitive indicator of water stressin prune trees (Prunus domestica L. cv. French).Journal of American Society for HorticulturalScience. 117(4):607-611.Meyer, W. S. and Nobel, C. L. 1993. Assessing the impactof irrigation on resources: irrigation managementto meet environmental constraints. In: IrrigationAssociation of Australia Proceedings, Launceston,Tasmania, Australia, p. 17.Michelakis, N.; Vougioucalou, E. and Clapaki G. 1993.Water use, wetted soil volume, root distribution andyield of avocado under drip irrigation. AgriculturalWater Management 24, 119-131.
322 Agric. Téc. Méx. Vol. 34 Núm. 3 Julio - Septiembre 2008 Oussama Hussein-Mounzer et al.Mounzer, O. 2005. Riego localizado de precisión en frutalesde hueso: Prunus armeniaca L. y Prunus persica(L.) Batsch. European Ph. D. Thesis, PolytechnicUniversity of Cartagena, Murcia, Spain, 199 pp.O'Connell, M. and Goodwin, I. 2003. Partial wetting - apotential water management saver for peach and apple.Proceedings of the Australian Agronomy Conference.Australian Society of Agronomy. 5 p. Geelong,Victoria, Australia.Or, D. and Coelho, F. E. 1996. Soil water dynamics under dripirrigation: Transient flow and uptake models. AmericanSociety of Agricultural Engineers. 39(6):2017-2025.Paltineanu, I. C. and Starr, J. L. 1997. Real-time soil waterdynamics using multisensor capacitance probes:Laboratory calibration. Soil Science Society ofAmerica Journal. 61:1576-1585.Robinson, D. A.; Gardner, C. M. K.; Evans, J.; Cooper, J.D.; Hodnett, M. G. and Bell, J. P. 1998. The dielectriccalibration of capacitance probes for soil hydrologyusing an oscillation frequency response model.Hydrology and Earth System Science 2:111-120.Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 8th ed. USDepartment of Agriculture Natural Resources ResearchConservation Service, Washington, DC, USA.Starr, J. L. and Paltineanu, I. C. 1998. Soil water dynamicsusing multisensor capacitance probes in nontrafficinterrrows of corn. Soil Science Society AmericaJournal 62:114-122.Stevens, R. M. and Douglas, T. 1994. Distribution of grapevineroots and salt underdrip and full-ground cover microjetirrigation systems. Irrigation Science. 15, 147-152.Topp, G. C.; Davis, J. L. and Anan, A. P. 1980. Electromagneticdetermination of soil water content: measurements inco-axial transmission lines. Water Resources Research.16:574-582.Veihmeyer, F. J. and Hendrickson, A. H. 1949. Methods ofmeasuring field capacity and wilting percentages ofsoils. Soil Science. 68:75-94.
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