écologie des virus influenza aviaires en Camargue - IRD
écologie des virus influenza aviaires en Camargue - IRD
écologie des virus influenza aviaires en Camargue - IRD
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« The ecological significance of manipulative parasites »The ecological significance of manipulative parasitesThierry Lefèvre 1 , Camille Lebarb<strong>en</strong>chon 1,2 , Michel GauthierClerc 2 , Dorothée Missé 1 , RobertPoulin 3* 1, 4*and Frédéric Thomas*equal contributionfthomas@mpl.ird.fr1GEMI/UMR CNRS<strong>IRD</strong> 2724. 911, Av<strong>en</strong>ue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 MontpellierCedex 5, France.2C<strong>en</strong>tre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat. Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France.3Departm<strong>en</strong>t of Zoology, University of Otago, PO box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.4Institut de recherche <strong>en</strong> biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101, rue SherbrookeEst, Montréal (Québec), Canada H1X 2B2AbstractThe diversity of ways in which host manipulation by parasites interferes with ecological andevolutionary processes governing biotic interactions has be<strong>en</strong> rec<strong>en</strong>tly docum<strong>en</strong>ted, and indicates thatmanipulative parasites are full participants in the functioning of ecosystems. Ph<strong>en</strong>otypic alterations inparasitized hosts modify host population ecology, appar<strong>en</strong>t competition processes, food web structure,<strong>en</strong>ergy and nutri<strong>en</strong>t flow betwe<strong>en</strong> habitats, as well as favouring habitat creation. As is usually the casein ecology, these ph<strong>en</strong>om<strong>en</strong>a can be greatly amplified by a series of secondary consequ<strong>en</strong>ces (cascadeeffects). Here, we review the ecological relevance of manipulative parasites in ecosystems and proposedirections for further research.193
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