ekonomika saxelmwifo
ekonomika saxelmwifo
ekonomika saxelmwifo
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es<br />
sainteresoa<br />
XX saukunis 30-ani wlebis ekonomikuri krizisi<br />
msoflio ekonomikisaTvis pirveli mniSvnelovani gakveTili iyo XX saukunis<br />
30-ani wlebis ekonomikuri krizisi. es iyo periodi, rodesac msoflio<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis centrma evropidan gadainacvla amerikis SeerTebul<br />
StatebSi. Tumca, am krizisis gamomwvevi mizezebi dRevandeli msoflio<br />
ekonomikuri krizisis gamomwvevi faqtorebisagan gansxvavebuli iyo da Sedegebic<br />
ufro mZime. kerZod mosaxleobis dabali msyidvelobiTunarianobis<br />
gamo warmoebul produqciaze mniSvnelovnad daeca moTxovna, ramac gamoiwvia<br />
didi raodenobiT saqonlis gausaRebloba, `Cawola~. amas Sedegad mohyva<br />
savaWro, samrewvelo, satransporto kompaniebis da aseve msxvili sabanko<br />
struqturebis masobrivi gakotreba, fasiani qaRaldebis katastrofuli gaufasureba.<br />
1932 wels aSS-s samrewvelo produqciis moculoba TiTqmis 50%iT<br />
Semcirda, 80%-iT Semcirda avtomobilebis warmoeba. gakotrda aTasobiT<br />
banki, sagareo vaWroba Semcirda 3-jer da qveynis <strong>ekonomika</strong> daeca 1911 wlis<br />
doneze. umuSevrobam moicva mosaxleobis naxevari.<br />
imdroindeli mmarTvelebi iZulebuli iyvnen gamoeyenebinaT <strong>saxelmwifo</strong><br />
stimulirebis, regulirebis da ekonomikis dagegmvis ufro aqtiuri meqanizmebi.<br />
mis mier SemuSavebuli iqna ekonomikuri krizisidan gamosvlis e.w<br />
`axali kursi~. es iyo <strong>ekonomika</strong>Si <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> regulirebis cnobili keinsianizmis<br />
Teoriebis realizacia.<br />
j.m keinsi, romlis zogadi Teoriis arsi mdgomareobda imaSi, rom sabazro<br />
meqanizmi veRar moqmedebs avtomaturad. bunebaSi ar arsebobs srulyofili<br />
konkurencia, rom sabazro ekonomikis gamarTuli, mdgradi funqcionireba<br />
SeuZlebelia Tu ar moxda <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s Careva <strong>ekonomika</strong>Si. keinsma faqtiurad<br />
daasabuTa, rom <strong>saxelmwifo</strong>s Careva <strong>ekonomika</strong>Si, mTavrobis funqciebis<br />
gafarToeba erTaderTi saSualebaa ekonomikuri krizisebis, depresiis, umu-<br />
Sevrobis Tavidan asacileblad, rom ganviTarebuli kapitalizmis pirobebSi<br />
yvela mniSvnelovani problemis gadawyveta unda veZeboT ara resursebis miwodebis<br />
sferoSi, aramed moTxovnis sferoSi. swored efeqtiani moTxovna,<br />
misi komponentebi, moxmareba da dagroveba aris ekonomikuri zrdisa da wonasworobis<br />
mTavari wyaro.<br />
swored aRniSnuli Teoria gaxda safuZveli imisa, rom amerikis SeerTebulma<br />
Statebma moaxdina aqtiuri Careva qveynis <strong>ekonomika</strong>Si da ganaxorciela<br />
radikaluri maregulirebeli da iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi.<br />
aseTma kompleqsurma RonisZiebebma qveyana katastrofuli mdgomareobidan<br />
gamoiyvana.<br />
Tanamedrove ekonomikuri krizisi da krizisidan gamosavlis Zieba<br />
Tanamedrove msoflio ekonomikuri krizisis ZiriTad mizezad miCneulia<br />
amerikis umsxvilesi ipoTekuri kompaniebis gauzrebeli, xSir SemTxvevaSi<br />
araprognozirebadi moqmedeba; kerZod, obligaciebis didi raodenobiT gayidva,<br />
misi gaumWirvaloba, sakredito da sainvesticio funqciebis Serwymaareva.<br />
ramac momxmareblisTvis ipoTekuri kreditebis aReba gaamartiva da<br />
mimoqcevaSi dolaris moculobis mkveTri zrda<br />
gamoiwvia. amas mohyva sabanko seqtoris sruli<br />
kraxi. am process Tan sdevda safondo birJis<br />
krizisi; finansuri instrumentebis arasworad<br />
gamoyeneba; navTobis fasebis SesamCnevi gaZvireba;<br />
saerTaSoriso sareitingo saagentoebis xSirad<br />
araswori Sefasebebi da rac yvelaze mTavaria aSSs<br />
maregulirebeli samsaxurebis (`federaluri<br />
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