Progetto SIMEA - Automatica - Università degli Studi di Padova

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SIMEA Stato dell’arte energetica degli edifici 1.2.8. BLAST 20 Doc.No 20100610.SIMEA.MR.03 Versione 1 The Building Loads Analysis and System Thermodynamics (BLAST) tool is a comprehensive set of programs for predicting energy consumption and energy system performance and cost in buildings. The BLAST program was developed by the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA CERL) and the University of Illinois. BLAST contains three major subprograms: Space Loads Prediction, Air System Simulation, and Central Plant. The Space Loads Prediction subprogram computes hourly space loads in a building based on weather data and user inputs detailing the building construction and operation. The heart of space loads prediction is the room heat balance. For each hour simulated, BLAST performs a heat balance for each surface of each zone described and a heat balance on the room air. The Air System Simulation subprogram uses the computed space loads, weather data, and user inputs describing the building air-handling system to calculate hot water, steam, gas, chilled water, and electric demands of the building and air- handling system. Once zone loads are calculated, they are translated into hot water, steam, chilled water, gas, and electrical demands on a central plant or utility system. This is done by using basic heat and mass balance principles in the system simulation subprogram of BLAST. Once the hot water, steam, chilled water, gas, and electrical demands of the building fan systems are known, the central plant must be simulated to determine the building's final purchased electrical power and/or fuel consumption. The Central Plant Simulation subprogram uses weather data, results of the air distribution system simulation, and user inputs describing the central plant to simulate boilers, chillers, on-site power generating equipment and solar energy systems; it computes monthly and annual fuel and electrical power consumption. BLAST can be used to investigate the energy performance of new or retrofit building design options of almost any type and size. In addition to performing peak load (design day) calculations necessary for mechanical equipment design, BLAST also estimates the annual energy performance of the facility, which is essential for the design of solar and total energy (cogeneration) systems and for determining compliance with design energy budgets. BLAST is no longer under development and no new versions have been released since 1998. 1.2.8.1. Expertise Required High level of computer literacy not required; engineering background helpful for analysis of air handling systems. 1.2.8.2. Users Over 500. 1.2.8.3. Audience Mechanical, energy, and architectural engineers working for architect/engineer firms, consulting firms, utilities, federal agencies, research universities, and research laboratories. 1.2.8.4. Input Building geometry, thermal characteristics, internal loads and schedules, heating and cooling equipment and system characteristics. Readable structured, input file may be generated by either the BTEXT program or the Drawing Navigator Program, which allows the user to generate a BLAST input file from AutoCad and Microstation building representations.
SIMEA Stato dell’arte energetica degli edifici 1.2.8.5. Output 21 Doc.No 20100610.SIMEA.MR.03 Versione 1 More than 50 user-selected, formatted reports printed directly by BLAST; also the REPORT WRITER program can generate tables or spreadsheet-ready files for over one hundred BLAST variables. 1.2.8.6. Computer Platform PC-compatible, 386 or higher; HP/Apollo. Source code is available and has been successfully compiled on most UNIX workstations. 1.2.8.7. Programming Language FORTRAN 1.2.8.8. Strengths PC format has structured interface; detailed heat balance algorithms allow for analysis of thermal comfort, passive solar structures, high and low intensity radiant heat, moisture, and variable heat transfer coefficients -- none of which can be analyzed in programs with less rigorous zone models; code modularity lends itself to research versions of the program, such as integrated BLAST (IBLAST) and integrated BLAST with modular systems (IBLAST-M). 1.2.8.9. Weaknesses High level of expertise required to develop custom system and plant models.
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