civilizaciaTa istoriebad, SemdgomSi, swored evropis mier inicirebulmatrans<strong>for</strong>maciebma erTiani sakacobrio istoria Teoriuli<strong>da</strong>n praqtikul sferoSiga<strong>da</strong>itana.mkvlevarTa azriT, es roli ganpirobebuli iyo evropuli civilizaciis unikaluriSinagani TaviseburebebiT, romelTac gansazRvres misi sicocxlisunarianoba <strong>da</strong>eqspansia, socialur-kulturul niSebSi Canergvisa <strong>da</strong> ucxo kulturul garemoSiga<strong>da</strong>rCenis unari. mecnierTa nawili ZiriTad Taviseburebad miiCnevs antikur epoqaSiCamoyalibebul polisis struqturas, romelmac safuZveli Cauyara <strong>da</strong>savleTisa <strong>da</strong>aRmosavleTis struqturul-tipologiur gansxvavebas. polisi orientirebuli iyomoqalaqis kerZo sakuTrebasa <strong>da</strong> Tavisufali bazris institutebze, rac principuladucnobi iyo aRmosavleTis nebismieri sazogadoebisaTvis 1 . mas <strong>da</strong>efuZna evropulifeo<strong>da</strong>lizmi avtonomiuri qalaq-komunebiT, romlebic politikur brZolaSi<strong>da</strong>moukidebel subieqtebad gamodiodnen, rac agreTve ucnobi iyo sxvacivilizaciebisaTvis. Camoyalib<strong>da</strong> erTiani mwkrivi antikuri polisi<strong>da</strong>n — Suasaukuneebis saqalaqo komunebis gavliT — industriuli <strong>da</strong> postindustriulisazogadoebisaken 2 .<strong>da</strong>savlur <strong>da</strong> ara<strong>da</strong>savlur civilizaciaTa urTierTobis problemaTanamedrove etapzeXX s-is bolo ori aTwleulis manZilze didi yuradReba eqceva civilizaciaTa <strong>da</strong><strong>kultura</strong>Ta urTierTobis problemaTa Seswavlas. am sakiTxebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxiTikvlevs kulturologia, sociologia, saistorio mecniereba. am mimarTulebiTmimdinare kvlevaTa <strong>da</strong> miRweuli Sedegebis popularizaciaSi makoordinirebelfunqcias asrulebs `<strong>kultura</strong>TSorisi komunikaciis kvlevisa <strong>da</strong> swavlebissaerTaSoriso sazogadoeba~ (SIETAR International), romelic yovelwliurad marTavskonferenciebs, gamoscems specialur Jurnals.cnobili germaneli mecnieris karl iaspersis Teoriis mixedviT, msoflios<strong>da</strong>yofas <strong>da</strong>savleTad <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTad safuZveli e.w. `RerZul droSi~ Caeyara,sai<strong>da</strong>nac saTaves iRebs, agreTve erTiani, globaluri msoflio, rogorc im droisaTvisSoreuli perspeqtiva. swored maSin yalibdeba is ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi, romlebmac<strong>da</strong>savleTisa <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTis saxe gansazRvres. rogorc wesi, samecnieroliteraturaSi es maxasiaTeblebi Semdeg opoziciur wyvilebad jgufdeba: individualizmi-koleqtivizmi,inovaciuroba-tradiciuloba, racionaloba-intuiciuroba,Tavisufleba-wesrigi, neba-fatalizmi, anTropocentrizmi-Teocentrizmi, materializmi-suliereba,pragmatizmi-idealizmi, obieqtivizmi-subieqtivizmi, dinamizmi-statikuroba,istorizmi-aistorizmi <strong>da</strong> sxv. aRmosavleTi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savleTi urTierTSeRwevadnigaxdnen, pirvel rigSi, xmelTaSuazRvispireTis arealSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c aRmocen<strong>da</strong> didicivilizaciebi, maT Soris evropulic.rac Seexeba maxasiaTebelTa <strong>da</strong>jgufebas opoziciur wyvilebad, Tavis droze,p.sorokini miuTiTeb<strong>da</strong>, rom aseTi diqotomiuri sqemebis gar<strong>da</strong>uval nakls warmoadgenserTi tipis farglebSi erTmaneTisagan mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulisocialur-kulturuli warmonaqmnebis Tavmoyra, agreTve did Tu mcire erTobaTaspecifikis gamokveTis sirTule. Cveni azriT, es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis swored mcirekulturebze, romelTa ricxvs miekuTvneba qarTuli <strong>kultura</strong> <strong>da</strong> romelTa1 Васильев Л.С. Восток и Запад в истории (Основные параметры проблематики). – В кн.: Альтернативные пути кцивилизации, с.104.2 Драгунский Д.В., Цымбурский В.Л. Генотип европейской цивилизации. – В журн.: Политические исследования, М., 1991,№ 1, с.7-8.28
tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis mixedviT Znelad xerxdeba, miT umetes, Tu isinicivilizaciaTa kontaqtis zonaSi mdebareoben.isic un<strong>da</strong> iTqvas, rom Znelia diqotomiuri sqemis `SenarCuneba~ erTi kulturis/civilizaciismTeli istoriis manZilze, amitom saWiro xdeba <strong>da</strong>matebiTi determinantebisSemotana 1 .<strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTi TviTidentifikacias erTmaneTTan mimarTebaSi axdenen.swored civilizaciaTa urTierTobis procesSi gamoikveTeba TiToeuli kulturisidenturoba. am procesSi xdeba faseulobaTa ga<strong>da</strong>rCeva _ dromoWmulis mniSvnelobis<strong>da</strong>kargva <strong>da</strong> drois Sesabamis faseulobaTa aqtualizacia 2 .rogorc amerikeli mkvlevari j.stidmani aRniSnavs, <strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTimudmivad urTierTqmedeben, iTviseben erTmaneTis faseulobebs, amdidrebenerTmaneTs. aRmosavleTTan urTierTobam didi gavlena iqonia evropuli civilizaciisCamoyalibebaze 3 .d.Saieganis azriT, <strong>da</strong>savleTisa <strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTis didi kulturebis SeqmnawarsulSi arsebul civilizaciaTa nayofieri dialogis Sedegi iyo 4 .a.pirenis sityviT, evropelTa Sexebam islamTan es ukanaskneli maTTvis `ucxos~WeSmarit gansaxierebad aqcia, romlis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad, Sua saukuneebi<strong>da</strong>nmoyolebuli, SemarTuli iyo mTeli evropuli civilizacia. pireni miuTiTebsmuslimuri aRmosavleTis rolze evropuli civilizaciis CamoyalibebaSi: VIIsaukuneSi, islamis Semotevis Sedegad, <strong>da</strong>iwyo evropuli kulturis centrisga<strong>da</strong>nacvleba xmelTaSuazRvispireTi<strong>da</strong>n (romelic arabul provinciad iqca)CrdiloeTisaken. <strong>da</strong>srul<strong>da</strong> romauli tradicia <strong>da</strong> saTave <strong>da</strong>edo TviTmyofadromanul-germanul civilizacias. evropa iqca did qristianul Tanamegobrobad,aRmosavleTi ki — misTvis kulturuli TvalsazrisiT ucxo, `sxva~ samyarod 5 .erTi sityviT, aRmosavleTi iyo is `sxva~, romelic <strong>da</strong>exmara <strong>da</strong>savleTs (evropas)sakuTari raobis gansazRvraSi. aRmosavleTis <strong>da</strong>xasiaTebis, misi gansazRvris fonze<strong>da</strong>savleTma, romlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia kritikuli TviTrefleqsia,SeimuSava sakuTari maxasiaTeblebic, gansazRvra sakuTari saxe.<strong>da</strong> mainc, zemoT CamoTvlili opoziciuri wyvilebi, iseve rogorc <strong>da</strong>savleTisa <strong>da</strong>aRmosavleTis nebismieri maxasiaTebeli, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, asaxavs <strong>da</strong>savlelTa warmodgenassakuTar Tavsa <strong>da</strong> aRmosavlelebad wodebul ara<strong>da</strong>savlelebze. es <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebasamecniero literaturaSi orientalizmis saxeliTaa cnobili. miCneulia, rom massafuZveli 1312 wels Caeyara, roca venis saeklesio krebam <strong>da</strong>adgina arabuli,berZnuli, Zvelebrauli <strong>da</strong> siriuli enebis kaTedraTa Seqmna parizis, oqs<strong>for</strong>dis,boloniis, avinionisa <strong>da</strong> salamankas universitetebSi.XIX s-is Sua xanebisaTvis evropaSi soliduri codna <strong>da</strong>grov<strong>da</strong> aRmosavleTisSesaxeb, magram igi, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, Zveli periodiT Semoifarglebo<strong>da</strong>. Seiswavlebo<strong>da</strong>Zveli wignebi, xelnawerebi, materialuri kulturis Zeglebi. Sesaswavl qveyanaSiCasul evropel mkvlevars eWvi ar eparebo<strong>da</strong> Tavis `wignismier~ codnaSi, magramrealoba sagrZnoblad gansxvavdebo<strong>da</strong> warmodgenisagan, adgilobrivi mkvidrni —literaturuli saxeebisagan. faqts axsna Wirdebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> isic moiZebna: aborigenTaga<strong>da</strong>gvareba <strong>da</strong> odesRac didebuli kulturis <strong>da</strong>knineba. <strong>da</strong>savleTis orientalisturi1 Ерасов Б.С. О статусе культурно-цивилизационных исследований. – В сб.: цивилизации и культуры. Вып.1. Россия иВосток: цивилизационные отношения. М., 1994, с.15.2 Василенко Н.А. Источники и механизмы согласия в межкультурном диалоге. – В сб.: Цивилизации и культуры. Вып.3. М.,1996, с.406.3 Steadman J.M. The Myth of Azia. N.Y., 1969, p.26-27.4 Shayegan D. The Challenges of To<strong>da</strong>y and Cultural Identity. – East Asian Ciltural Studies. V-VI, 4, Tokyo, 1977, p.36-37.5 cit.naSromi<strong>da</strong>n: Said E.W. Orientalism. L., 1978, p.71.29
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seriakulturad
- Page 3 and 4: sarCeviTema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradiciatradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
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araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
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ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
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sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
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mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
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gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
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dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
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elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
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im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
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gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
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iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
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nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
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unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
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niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
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iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
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meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
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mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
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CULTURE AND MODERNIZATIONSummaryIva
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TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
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consider that modern stage of devel
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1. Multiculturalizm;2. Pluralizm;3.
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supranational structures. Democracy
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