saSualeba. garkveul etapze maT, SeiZleba, mimarTon profesionalebs, romlebicTavisuflad floben or an met enas Tarjimnobisa <strong>da</strong> mTargnelobiTi saqmianobisaTvis.Tumca es friad mouxerxebelia, mas didi dro <strong>da</strong> xarji sWirdeba. swored amis gamo,istoriis ganmavlobaSi Cndebo<strong>da</strong> lingua frank-ebi: laTinuri antikur <strong>da</strong> Suasaukuneebis samyaroSi, franguli _ <strong>da</strong>savleTSi ramdenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi,zvahiluri _ afrikis mraval kuTxeSi, inglisuri _ msoflios umravles adgilebSi XXsaukunis meore naxevarSi. diplomatebs, biznesmenebs, mecnierebs, turistebs <strong>da</strong> maTmosamsaxure personals, aseve samgzavro TviTmfrinavis pilotebs <strong>da</strong> sahaerodispetCerebs sWirdebaT mosaxerxebeli saSualeba urTierTobisaTvis, romelicamJamad inglisuris meSveobiT xorcieldeba.am azriT, inglisuri msoflios <strong>kultura</strong>TSorisi urTierTobis saSualebaa, iseverogorc qristianuli kalen<strong>da</strong>ri warmoadgens msofliosaTvis drois gansazRvrissaSualebas, arabuli ricxvebi _ Tvlis saSualebas, metruli sistema ki _ umetesimsofliosaTvis _ gazomvis safuZvels. am gagebiT, inglisuri enis gamoyenebainterkulturuli urTierTobis sferos moicavs; igi iTvaliswinebs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva,erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli kulturebis arsebobas. lingua franka enobrivi <strong>da</strong>kulturuli gansxvavebebis <strong>da</strong>Zlevis, <strong>da</strong> ara maTi mospobis saSualebaa. igiurTierTobis xerxia, <strong>da</strong> ara sakuTari meobisa <strong>da</strong> garkveuli sazogadoebisadmikuTvnilebis gansazRvris saSualeba. rodesac iaponeli bankiri <strong>da</strong> indonezielibiznesmeni erTmaneTs inglisurad elaparakebian, es sulac ar niSnavs, rom romelimemaTgani gaingliselebuli an vesternizirebulia. igive SeiZleba vTqvaT germanulad <strong>da</strong>frangulad molaparake Sveicarielebze, romlebic erTmaneTTan ufro inglisuradlaparaks amjobineben, vidre romelime maT saxelmwifo enaze. aseve, indoeTSi, nerusgegmebis sawinaaRmdegod, inglisuris, rogorc <strong>da</strong>mxmare-saurTierTobo enisSenarCuneba miuTiTebs indoeTSi mcxovrebi ara-hindis enaze molaparake xalxissurvilze, SeinarCunon sakuTari ena <strong>da</strong> <strong>kultura</strong>, aramed imis saWiroebaze, romindoeTi mravalenovan sazogadoebad <strong>da</strong>rCes.rogorc wamyvanma mkvlevarma-lingvistma joSua fiSmenma aRniSna, ufrosavaraudoa, lingua franka-d anu farTo saurTierTobo enad (LWC) iqces is ena, romelicnakleba<strong>da</strong>a gaigivebuli konkretul eTnikur jgufTan, religiasa Tu ideologiasTan.warsulSi inglisuri ena <strong>da</strong>kavSirebuli iyo zemoT xsenebul faqtorebTan. bolo drosigi `deeTnizebuli (an minimalurad eTnizebuli)~ gax<strong>da</strong>, rogorc es warsulSi aqaduri,arameuli, berZnuli Tu laTinuri enebis SemTxvevebSi mox<strong>da</strong>. `inglisurs, rogorc<strong>da</strong>mxmare (meorad) enas, kargi bedi <strong>da</strong>hyva, ris <strong>da</strong>sturicaa is faqti, rom arc erTi misiwyaro _ arc britanuli <strong>da</strong> arc amerikuli, <strong>da</strong>axloebiT bolo meoTxedi saukunismanZilze, ar ganixileba farTod <strong>da</strong> aSkarad eTnikur <strong>da</strong> ideologiur konteqstSi~[xazgasma avtoris]. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, inglisuri enis gamoyeneba <strong>kultura</strong>TSorisurTierTobebSi xels uwyobs <strong>da</strong> aZlierebs kidec cakleul xalxTa kulturulidenturobebs. swored imis gamo, rom xalxs surs sakuTari kulturis SenarCuneba, sxvakulturis warmomadgenlebTan urTierTobisas igi iyenebs inglisur enas.mTel msoflioSi inglisurad molaparake xalxi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanair inglisurzesaubrobs. inglisuri avtoqtonizebulia <strong>da</strong> iZens adgilobriv Seferilobas, riTicSordeba britanul <strong>da</strong> amerikul inglisurs, ukidures SemTxvevebSi _ imdena<strong>da</strong>c ki,rom maT ukve aRar esmiT erTmaneTis, iseve, rogorc es Cinuri enis dialeqtebisSemTxvevaSi xdeba. nigeriuli inglisuri pijini, induri inglisuri <strong>da</strong> inglisuris sxvavariantebi Serwymulni arian TavianT maspinZel kulturebs; savaraudod, maTidiferencirebis procesi momavalSi ufro gaRrmavdeba, ise, rom isini ga<strong>da</strong>iqcevian48
inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva (calke) enebad, iseve, rogorc laTinuri<strong>da</strong>naRmocendnen romanuli enebi. Tumca italiuri, franguli <strong>da</strong> espanuri enebisagangansxvavebiT, es inglisuri<strong>da</strong>n nawarmoebi enebi sazogadoebis mxolod mcire nawilismier iqneba gamoyenebuli, an kidev maT gamoiyeneben, umTavresad, calkeulilingvisturi jgufebis urTierTobebSi.swored msgavs procesebs SeiZleba mivadevnoT Tvali indoeTSi. magaliTad,arazusti cnobebiT, 1983 wels iq, 733 milionian mosaxleobaSi, 18 milioni inglisuradmolaparake a<strong>da</strong>miani cxovrob<strong>da</strong>, xolo 1991 wlisaTvis, 867 milioniani mosaxleobi<strong>da</strong>n20 milioni metyveleb<strong>da</strong> inglisurad. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, indoeTis mosaxleobaSi inglisuradmolaparakeTa wili Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mdgradi iyo (2-4 procentis farglebSi). viwro elituriwreebis gareT inglisuri ena lingua franka-s funqcias arc asrulebs. `simarTle isaa, romrodesac vinme kaSmiri<strong>da</strong>n kaniakumarisken (indoeTis naxevarkunZulis yvelazesamxreTi wertili) miemgzavreba, kavSiri, ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d, hindis, <strong>da</strong> ara inglisuri enismeSveobiT xorcieldeba~, — acxadebs niu delis universitetis inglisuri enis oriprofesori. metic, induri inglisuri TavisTavad iZens araerT gamorCeulmaxasiaTebels: igi induizebul iqna, ufro zustad ki man, sivrcis cvlilebiskvalobaze, lokaluri Tvisebebi SeiZina. inglisuri erwymis indur <strong>kultura</strong>s iseve,rogorc es warsulSi mox<strong>da</strong> sanskritTan <strong>da</strong> sparsul enasTan <strong>da</strong>kavSirebiT.istorii<strong>da</strong>n cnobilia, rom enis ga<strong>da</strong>nawileba asaxav<strong>da</strong> Zalebis ga<strong>da</strong>nawilebasmsoflioSi. yvelaze farTod gamoyenebadi enebi _ inglisuri, man<strong>da</strong>rini, espanuri,franguli, arabuli, rusuli — arian an iyvnen imperiul saxelmwifoTa enebi, romlebicmondomebiT cdilobdnen imas, rom am enaze sxva xalxebic ametyvelebuliyvnen.cvlilebebi ZalTa TanafardobaSi gavlenas axdens enebis gamoyenebaze. `britaneTis <strong>da</strong>amerikis koloniurma, savaWro, industriulma, samecniero <strong>da</strong> finansurma ZalauflebamsagrZnobi <strong>da</strong>Ri <strong>da</strong>amCnia umaRles saganmanaTleblo sistemas, saxelisuflommarTvelobas, vaWrobasa <strong>da</strong> teqnologias msoflios sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxeSi~. britaneTi <strong>da</strong>safrangeTi moiTxovdnen maTi enebis gamoyenebas koloniebSi. Tumca <strong>da</strong>moukideblobismopovebis Semdeg yofil koloniaTa umravlesoba, garkveuli aqtiurobiTa <strong>da</strong>sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva warmatebiT, Seeca<strong>da</strong> imperiuli enis Secvlas adgilobrivi eniT. sabWoTakavSiris zenitSi yofnis dros rusuli ena saerTaSoriso enas warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> praRi<strong>da</strong>nmoyolebuli hanoimde. ruseTis Zalauflebis <strong>da</strong>mcrobis paralelurad, aRiniSnarusulis, rogorc meoradi enis gamoyenebis Semcireba. rac Seexeba kulturis sxvaelementebs, mzard zewolas Tan sdevs rogorc mSobliur enaze molaparakeTaTviT<strong>da</strong>jerebuloba, ise stimuli sxvebisaTvis _ aiTvison igi. berlinis kedlis<strong>da</strong>ngrevis Semdgom Tabru<strong>da</strong>mxvev periodSi germania moiazrebo<strong>da</strong> axal gigantad,SeimCneo<strong>da</strong> tendencia, rom inglisurad sufTad molaparake germanels saerTaSorisoSexvedrebze germanulad elaparaka. iaponiis ekonomikurma Zlierebam stimuli miscaiaponuris swavlas araiaponelTa mier; CineTis ekonomikuri <strong>da</strong>winaurebac igivetendenciebs ganapirobebs. Cinuri ena aqtiurad ikavebs inglisuris dominanturpozicias hong-kongSi. miecaT ra gasaqani CineTis sazRvars gareT mcxovreb CinelebssamxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi, Cinuri ga<strong>da</strong>iqca enad, romelzec iwarmoeba regionisumravlesi saerTaSoriso biznes-garigebebi. sxva civilizaciebTan Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT,<strong>da</strong>savleTis zegavlenis <strong>da</strong>kargvis Tanadroulad, inglisuris <strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>da</strong>savluri enebisgamoyeneba sxva sazogadoebebSi <strong>da</strong> sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sazogadoebaTa Soris urTierTobebSinel-nela Sesustdeba. Tu garkveul etapze, Sorul momavalSi, CineTi Caenacvleba<strong>da</strong>savleTs, rogorc msoflios wamyvan civilizacias, inglisuri <strong>da</strong>Tmobs poziciebsman<strong>da</strong>rinis, rogorc saerTaSoriso enis pirispir.49
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seriakulturad
- Page 3 and 4: sarCeviTema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
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- Page 7 and 8: tradiciatradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
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- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
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- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39 and 40: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 41 and 42: warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi.
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
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- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
- Page 91 and 92: elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
- Page 93 and 94: im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
- Page 95 and 96: gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
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nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
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unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
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niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
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iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
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meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
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mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
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CULTURE AND MODERNIZATIONSummaryIva
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TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
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consider that modern stage of devel
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1. Multiculturalizm;2. Pluralizm;3.
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supranational structures. Democracy