kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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meqisaken pirSeqceuli aRavlenen, bombs amzadebdnen amerikuli samgzavroTviTmfrinavis asafeTqeblad. 1970-ian <strong>da</strong> 1980-ian wlebSi amerikelebi yovelgvari`iaponizirebis~ gareSe moixmardnen milionobiT iaponur manqanas, televizors,kameras <strong>da</strong> eleqtronul xelsawyos, metic _ es yvelaferi iaponiisadmi antagonisturi<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis fonze xdebo<strong>da</strong>. mxolod gulubryvilo ampartavnoba Tuafiqrebinebs <strong>da</strong>savlelebs, rom ara<strong>da</strong>savlelebi `vesternizdebian~ <strong>da</strong>savlurisaqonlis SeZenis Sedegad. marTlac<strong>da</strong> sasaciloa, rodesac <strong>da</strong>savlelebi TavianTcivilizacias aigiveben SuSxuna sasmelebTan, gaxunebul jinsebTan <strong>da</strong> sendviCTan.universaluri popularuli kulturis ufro <strong>da</strong>xvewili versia yuradRebasamaxvilebas ara samomxmareblo saqonelze, ara koka-kolaze, aramed mediasa <strong>da</strong>holivudze. amerikis gavlena msoflio kinoze, televiziasa <strong>da</strong> konoproduqciazeaRemateba kidec amerikis poziciebs saaviacio mrewvelobaSi. 1993 wlis monacemebismixedviT, 100 yvelaze popularuli filmi<strong>da</strong>n 88 amerikuli iyo. ori amerikuli <strong>da</strong> orievropuli organizacia dominirebs globaluri masStabiT axali ambebis mopovebasa <strong>da</strong>gavrcelebaSi. aq erTmaneTisgan un<strong>da</strong> gavmijnoT ori movlena. pirveli _ esaasayovelTao moTxovnileba produqciaze, romelic <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia siyvarulTan,seqsTan, ZaladobasTan, idumal ambebTan, gmirobasTan, simdiresTan; agreTve mogebazeorientirebuli kompaniebis (pirvel rigSi, amerikuli) unari _ gamoiyenon esmoTxovnileba sakuTari interesebis Sesabamisad. Zalian cotaa an saerTod ar arsebobsargumenti imis sasargeblod, rom vifiqroT, TiTqos globaluri komunikaciissaSualebaTa gasayovelTaoebas gamoewvios mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi a<strong>da</strong>mianTawarmodgenebsa <strong>da</strong> rwmenaSi. `garToba~, ambob<strong>da</strong> maikl vlaxosi, `sulac ar niSnavskulturuli saxis Secvlas.~ meore: a<strong>da</strong>mianebi siaxleebs aRiqvamen imTaviTvegansazRvruli Rirebulebebis <strong>da</strong> Tvalsawieris pozicii<strong>da</strong>n (e.i. Taviseburad). `erTi <strong>da</strong>igive vizualuri gamosaxulebis gadmocema planetis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kuTxeSi~, amtkicebskiSore mahbubani, `sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanair aRqmas iwvevs. <strong>da</strong>savleTSi aplodismentebiTSexvdebian mfrinavi raketebiT baR<strong>da</strong>dis <strong>da</strong>bombvis kadrebs, xolo sxvebi <strong>da</strong>inaxaven,rom feradkaniani erayelebi <strong>da</strong> somalelebi, TeTrkaniani serbebisagan gansxvavebiT,ufro metad isjebian <strong>da</strong>savleTis mier — sagangaSo signalia yvela TvalsazrisiT.~globaluri kavSiris saSualebebi <strong>da</strong>savluri gavlenis yvelaze mniSvnelovaniTanamedrove gamoxatulebaa. Tumca, es ukanaskneli saSualebas aZlevs ara<strong>da</strong>savlursazogadoebaTa populist politikosebs, lanZRon <strong>da</strong>savluri kulturuliimperializmi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>razmon TavianTi sazogadoebebi gaqrobis piras myofi sakuTarikulturebis erTianobis <strong>da</strong>cvisa <strong>da</strong> ga<strong>da</strong>rCenisaTvis. globalur komunikaciaTasferoSi <strong>da</strong>savleTis gavlenis masStabebi <strong>da</strong>savleTisadmi ara<strong>da</strong>savlur sazogadoebaTamtruli <strong>da</strong> uaryofiTi <strong>da</strong>mokidebulebis mTavar wyarod (mizezad) gvevlineba. metic,1990-iani wlebis <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi ara<strong>da</strong>savlur sazogadoebaTa <strong>modernizacia</strong>m <strong>da</strong>ekonomikurma ganviTarebam ganapiroba adgilobrivi <strong>da</strong> regionuli mediaindustriisgaCena, romlis muSaoba gaTvlili iyo iqauri sazogadoebebis gemovnebaze. magaliTad,1994 wels, CNN International <strong>da</strong>adgina, rom mas hyav<strong>da</strong> 55 milioniani potenciurimayurebeli, anu msoflio mosaxleobis <strong>da</strong>axloebiT 1 procenti (saocaria, rom esraodenoba emTxveva `<strong>da</strong>vosis kulturis~ matarebeli xalxis raodenobas), mismaprezidentma ki ganacxa<strong>da</strong>, rom inglisurenovanma ga<strong>da</strong>cemebma, sabolood, SeiZlebabazris mxolo 2-4 procenti Seadginos. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, regionuli (e.i. civilizaciuri)telekompaniebi <strong>da</strong>iwyeben ga<strong>da</strong>cemebs espanurad, iaponurad, arabulad, frangulad(<strong>da</strong>savleT afrikisaTvis) <strong>da</strong> sxva enebze. `globalur re<strong>da</strong>qcias~, sami mkvlevris<strong>da</strong>skvniT, `kvlav ewinaaRmdegeba babilonis godoli~. ronald dors moyavsdiplomatiur wreebsa <strong>da</strong> sazogado moRvaweebSi globaluri inteleqtualuri46
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