Tema IV. <strong>modernizacia</strong> _ <strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoebis ganviTarebiserT-erTi etapiam etapze <strong>da</strong>wvrilebiT ganvixilavT modernizaciis im gagebas, romlis mixedviT<strong>modernizacia</strong> <strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoebis (civilizaciis) ganviTarebis konkretulietapisaTvis <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli socialur-kulturuli niSnebis erTobliobaa, romelicun<strong>da</strong> ganixilebodes zoga<strong>da</strong>d, <strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoebis ganviTarebis konteqstSi, amcivilizaciis winamorbed kulturul <strong>for</strong>mebis TaviseburebebTan uSualo kavSirSi.aqve SevexebiT <strong>da</strong>savleTSi modernuli sazogadoebis <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebis istoriulperipetiebs, visaubrebT winamorbedi istoriuli realobis Sesaxeb, <strong>modernizacia</strong>sganvixilavT, rogorc <strong>da</strong>savluri tradiciis gagrZelebas, <strong>da</strong>savluri sazogadoebisganviTarebis erT-erT etaps.<strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong> <strong>modernizacia</strong>universaluri civilizaciis gaCenis SesaZleblobis mesame <strong>da</strong> yvelaze farTodgavrcelebuli argumenti mdgomareobs wamodgenaSi, rom igi aris modernizaciisyovlismomcveli procesis Sedegi, romelic jer kidev XVIII saukuneSi <strong>da</strong>iwyo.<strong>modernizacia</strong> moicavs industrializacias, urbanizacias, wera-kiTxvis mcodneTamzard procents, ganaTlebas, simdidres <strong>da</strong> socialur mobilurobas, samuSaoadgilebis gamravalferovnebas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xvewas. swored XVIII saukuneSi <strong>da</strong>wyebulisamecniero <strong>da</strong> teqnologiuri codnis uzarmazari eqspansiis Sedegia is, rom dResSegviZlia vakontroloT <strong>da</strong> CamovayaliboT Cveni garemo sruliad axali saxiT.<strong>modernizacia</strong> revoluciuri procesia, romelic mxolod sazogadoebebisprimitiuli<strong>da</strong>n civilizebul mdgomareobaSi ga<strong>da</strong>svlas Tu SegviZlia Seva<strong>da</strong>roT, anucalkeuli civilizaciebis gaCenas tigrosisa <strong>da</strong> evfratis auzebSi, nilosisa <strong>da</strong> indisxeobebSi 5000 wlis win. Tanamedrove sazogadoebis Sexedulebebi, faseulobebi, codna<strong>da</strong> <strong>kultura</strong> di<strong>da</strong>d gansxvavdeba tradiciuli sazogadoebisagan. <strong>da</strong>savleTi pirvelimoderniz<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> modernuli kulturis aTvisebis avangardSia. vinai<strong>da</strong>n sxvasazogadoebebi iTviseben ganaTlebis, muSaobis, simdidrisa <strong>da</strong> klasobriviorganizaciis msgavs <strong>for</strong>mebs, aqe<strong>da</strong>n momdinareobs warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, rom<strong>da</strong>savluri <strong>kultura</strong> universalur msoflio <strong>kultura</strong>d iqceva.is, rom mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi arsebobs modernul <strong>da</strong> tradiciul kulturebsSoris kamaTs aRar iwvevs. Tumca, es sulac ar niSnavs imas, TiTqos modernulikulturis matarebeli sazogadoebebi erTmaneTs ufro hgvanan, vidre tradiciulikulturis matarebeli xalxebi. ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, samyaro, sa<strong>da</strong>c zogierTi sazogadoebamaRal doneze modernizebulia, xolo sxvebi _ kvlav tradiciuli, ufro naklebaderTgvarovania, vidre samyaro, romlis yvela sazogadoeba Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT Tanabradmodernizebulia. magram raRa vuyoT im samyaros, sa<strong>da</strong>c yvela sazogadoebatradiciuli iyo? aseTi samyaro xom ramdenime aseuli wlis win arsebob<strong>da</strong>. iyo iginaklebad homogenuri, vidre, rogorc fiqroben, iqneba sayovelTaod modernizebulimomavali msoflio? albaT, ara. `minis (dinastiis) CineTi... ueWvelad, ufro axlos iyovaluas (<strong>da</strong>nastiis) safrangeTTan~, ambob<strong>da</strong> brodeli, `vidre mao Ze dunis CineTi _mexuTe respublikis safrangeTTan.~<strong>da</strong> mainc, arsebobs ori mizezi, ris gamoc modernuli sazogadoebebi ufro SeiZlebaerTmaneTis msgavsni iyvnen, vidre tradiciuli sazogadoebebi. pirveli mizeziaintensiuri urTierTqmedeba modernul sazogadoebebs Soris, romelic, SeiZleba, verwarmoSobs saerTo <strong>kultura</strong>s, magram aadvilebs mokle droSi teqnikis, gamogonebebis,Cveulebebis ga<strong>da</strong>cemas erTi sazogadoebi<strong>da</strong>n meoreSi, Tanac im doniT, romliTac es40
warmoudgenelia tradiciul samyaroSi. meore mizezi isaa, rom tradiciulisazogadoeba <strong>da</strong>fuZnebulia soflis meurneobaze, modernuli sazogadoeba kimrewvelobaze, romelic SeiZleba moicavdes meurneobis sistemas _ xelosnobi<strong>da</strong>n<strong>da</strong>wyebuli, klasikuri mZime mrewvelobis gavliT, rTul teqnologiebze <strong>da</strong>myarebuliindustriiT <strong>da</strong>mTavrebuli. soflis meurneobis sistema <strong>da</strong> misi Tanamdevi socialuristruqtura ufro <strong>da</strong>mokidebulia bunebriv garemoze, vidre mrewvelobis sistema. igiicvleba nia<strong>da</strong>gisa <strong>da</strong> klimatis mixedviT <strong>da</strong> SeiZleba gamoiwvios miwis flobis,sazogadoebrivi wyobisa <strong>da</strong> xelisuflebis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva <strong>for</strong>mis warmoSoba. vitfogelishidravlikuri civilizaciis Teoriis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, soflis meurneoba, romelic<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia masStaburi sairigacio sistemebis mSeneblobasa <strong>da</strong> funqciobaze, xelsuwyobs centralizebuli <strong>da</strong> biurokratiuli politikuri xelisuflebis warmoSobas.sxvanairad ar xdeba. mdi<strong>da</strong>ri nia<strong>da</strong>gi <strong>da</strong> kargi klimati xSirad xels uwyobs masiurisaplantacio meurnebis gaCaRebas <strong>da</strong> misi Tanamdevi socialuri wyobis Camoyalibebas,romelic moicavs mdi<strong>da</strong>ri miwaTmflobelebis mcirericxovan <strong>da</strong> plantaciaSi momuSaveglexebis, monebis Tu ymebis did fenas. masStaburi soflis meurneobis porobebSiSeiZleba gaCndes <strong>da</strong>moukidebel glexTa sazogadoeba. mokled, sasoflo-sameurneosazogadoebebSi sazogadoebrivi wyoba ganpirobebulia bunebrivi garemoTi.mrewveloba nakleba<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli bunebriv garemoze. industriul organizaciaSiarsebuli gansxvavebebi ki ufro <strong>kultura</strong>sa <strong>da</strong> socialur wyobaSi arsebuli sxvaobebiTun<strong>da</strong> iyos gamowveuli, vidre geografiuli mizezebiT; aqe<strong>da</strong>n pirveli SeiZlebagar<strong>da</strong>iqmnas, magram ukanaskneli _ arasdros.maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, modernul sazogadoebebs bevri ram aqvT saerTo. magram arian ki isiniaucileblad erTgvarovanni? am kiTxvaze <strong>da</strong>debiTi pasuxi gamomdinareobs mosazrebi<strong>da</strong>n,rom modernuli sazogadoeba un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>emsgavsos mxolod erT — <strong>da</strong>savlurmodels, rom modernuli civilizacia igive <strong>da</strong>savluri civilizaciaa. Tumca, essavsebiT mc<strong>da</strong>ri msjelobaa. <strong>da</strong>savluri civilizacia warmoiSva VIII-IX saukuneebSi <strong>da</strong>Tavisi individualuri niSan-Tvisebebi Semdgom saukuneebSi SeiZina. misi modernizebamox<strong>da</strong> arauadres XVII-XVIII saukuneebisa. <strong>da</strong>savleTi <strong>da</strong>savleTs warmoadgen<strong>da</strong>gacilebiT ufro adre, vidre igi modernuli gaxdebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>savleTis mTavari niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebic mas sxva civilizaciebisgan ganarCeven, win uswrebs <strong>da</strong>savleTis<strong>modernizacia</strong>s.ra niSan-Tvisebebi hqon<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>savlur sazogadoebas aswleulebis ganmavlobaSi,sanam is modernizdebo<strong>da</strong>? sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva mecnierma sxva<strong>da</strong>sxvanairi pasuxi gasca amkiTxvas, isini gansxvavdebian detalebSi, magram aRiareben ZiriTadi institutebis,Cveulebebis <strong>da</strong> rwmena-warmodgenebis erTobliobas, romlebic savsebiT kanonzomieradSeiZleba miviCnioT <strong>da</strong>savluri civilizaciis safuZvlad. esenia:klasikuri memkvidreoba. rogorc mesame Taobis civilizaciam, <strong>da</strong>savleTma bevriram SeiTvisa winamorbedi civilizaciebisgan, gansakuTrebiT ki, klasikuricivilizaciisagan. klasikuri civilizaciis memkvidreoba mravalferovania: berZnulifilosofia <strong>da</strong> racionalizmi, romauli samarTali, laTinuri ena <strong>da</strong> qristianoba.muslimurma <strong>da</strong> marTlmadideblurma civilizaciebmac bevri ram aiTvises klasikuricivilizaciisagan, magram Seu<strong>da</strong>reblad naklebi, vidre <strong>da</strong>savleTma.kaTolicizmi <strong>da</strong> protestantizmi. <strong>da</strong>savluri qristianoba _ Tav<strong>da</strong>pirveladkaTolicizmi, Semdeg kaTolicizmi <strong>da</strong> protestantizmi _ warmoadgenen <strong>da</strong>savluricivilizaciis istoriulad umniSvnelovanes maxasiaTebels. Tavisi arsebobis TiTqmismTeli aTaswleulis manZilze is, rac <strong>da</strong>savluri civilizaciis saxeliT aris cnobili,<strong>da</strong>savleT saqristianod iwodebo<strong>da</strong>; arsebob<strong>da</strong> erTobis kargad ganviTarebuli grZnoba<strong>da</strong>savleTis qristian xalxebs Soris, romlis meSveobiT isini Tavs ganasxvavebdnen41
- Page 1 and 2: socialur mecnierebaTa seriakulturad
- Page 3 and 4: sarCeviTema I. ZiriTadi cnebebi da
- Page 5 and 6: maSasadame, farTo azriT, kulturis c
- Page 7 and 8: tradiciatradicia _ wina Taobebidan
- Page 9 and 10: gansakuTrebuli forma, romelic ar gu
- Page 11 and 12: aqvs umciresobis kulturis ama Tu im
- Page 13 and 14: axasiaTebs komunitarul struqturebs
- Page 15 and 16: asakobrivi rolebis Tanamedroveobisa
- Page 17 and 18: ogorc tradiciuli sazogadoebis dasas
- Page 19 and 20: akulturuli Teoriebi midrekilni aria
- Page 21 and 22: Tema III. kulturaTa tipologia moder
- Page 23 and 24: ac Seexeba saqarTvelos, Zalze gavrc
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba migviyvanos aRmosavleT-das
- Page 27 and 28: koleqtivis urTierTmimarTebiT; damok
- Page 29 and 30: tipologizeba diqotomiuri sqemebis m
- Page 31 and 32: aucileblobaze 1 . e.saidma saWirod
- Page 33 and 34: islamistebis gaaqtiureba, romlebic
- Page 35 and 36: momakvdinebeli aRmoCndes... islami
- Page 37 and 38: warmoSobis evropuli mwerloba, romli
- Page 39: Tanamedrove ganzomilebani scildeba
- Page 43 and 44: centralizebuli biourokratiuli imper
- Page 45 and 46: civilizacia perspeqtivis saqmea, an
- Page 47 and 48: kulturis gaCenis STambeWdavi magali
- Page 49 and 50: inglisuris monaTesave, magram sxva
- Page 51 and 52: imis mixedviT, Tu rogor iTxovs amas
- Page 53 and 54: Tavidan acileba, maS, rodis SeZlebs
- Page 55 and 56: meore saintereso mosazrebaa istorii
- Page 57 and 58: gavaanalizoT procesis arsi, SeZlebi
- Page 59 and 60: saSualebas _ internets _ da saZiebe
- Page 61 and 62: melvil herskovicis xelmZRvanelobiT,
- Page 63 and 64: momdinareobs Sveicariuli qalaqis sa
- Page 65 and 66: nawilisgan mkacri pasuxi miiRes _ T
- Page 67 and 68: axdens imaze, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba
- Page 69 and 70: aseve mecnierebis ganviTarebaSic. c
- Page 71 and 72: egionalizaciis process sWirdeba meT
- Page 73 and 74: imgvarad dasma, rom saqarTvelo auci
- Page 75 and 76: doniT, rac aisaxeba sazogadoebis Ti
- Page 77 and 78: naklebobas; aqvT eleqtroenergiis pr
- Page 79 and 80: araTu SenarCunebas, aramed gavrcele
- Page 81 and 82: ogorc Cans, globalizacia al-qadrisa
- Page 83 and 84: sazogadoebaa, kulturuli niSniT erTi
- Page 85 and 86: mis Tavidan acilebas, ubrundeba sak
- Page 87 and 88: gaTavisebuli, raTa misgan iswavlo(n
- Page 89 and 90: dasavleTis warumatebeli mcdelobebis
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elementze dayrdnobiT. es imas niSna
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im determinantTagan, romlebze dayrd
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gamovlinebas xedavs XVII-XVIII ss.
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iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSv
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nurobis koleqtivizmTan gaigivebis u
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unebrivia, rom qristianuli samyaros
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niSniT iyo aRbeWdili: `Cveni qveyan
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iCens Tavs postindustriuli ganviTar
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meti adamianis danaklisi arcTu mcir
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mosaxleobis Semcireba, pirvel rigSi
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CULTURE AND MODERNIZATIONSummaryIva
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TOPIC 3. TYPOLOGY OF CULTURES ON A
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consider that modern stage of devel
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1. Multiculturalizm;2. Pluralizm;3.
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supranational structures. Democracy
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