kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
kultura da modernizacia - Center for Social Sciences
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iyo viTarebas, roca `qveynis umniSvnelovanes problemebs gansazRvrav<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> agvareb<strong>da</strong>(cu<strong>da</strong>d Tu kargad) viRac, gareSe Zala, morCilebisa <strong>da</strong> loialobis safasurad~ 1 .marTlac, Cvens istoriaSi friad xangrZlivia periodi, roca gareSe Zala ganageb<strong>da</strong>qveynis beds, Tanac, rac kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, ara erTi Zala <strong>da</strong> ara mTlianiqveynisa, aramed sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Zala _ calkeuli qarTuli politikuri erTeulebisa. aseTviTarebaSi, albaT, marTebulia saubari ara `movaleobis grZnobisa~ <strong>da</strong> `koleqtiuriarsebobisa <strong>da</strong> TviTSenaxvis instinqtis~ ararsebobaze (k.kapaneli), aramed sworedmcirejgufovani koleqtivis winaSe pasuxismgeblobaze, anu movaleobisa <strong>da</strong>pasuxismgeblobis sivrcis siviwroveze. aqe<strong>da</strong>nve gamomdinareobs g.niJaraZis mieraRniSnuli gawafuloba pirovnebaTaSoris urTierTobaSi, individualururTierTobaTa <strong>da</strong>myarebis, partnioris gulis mogebis Cvevebi <strong>da</strong>, amave dros, sajaroqcevis CvevaTa deficiti.<strong>da</strong>moukidebeli saxelmwifos arsebobis pirobebSi zemoT <strong>da</strong>saxelebulia<strong>da</strong>ptaciuri meqanizmi, cxadia, veRar imuSavebs, amitom qarTuli kulturis winaSeaxal viTarebasTan Seguebis amocana dgas.axla <strong>da</strong>vubrundeT individualizmi-koleqtivizmis niSniT <strong>kultura</strong>Ta(sazogadoebaTa) <strong>da</strong>savluroba-aRmosavlurobis gansazRvris problemas. Cveulebriv,individualizms <strong>da</strong>savlur, koleqtivizms ki aRmosavlur maxasiaTeblad miiCneven.aseTi <strong>da</strong>yofa, ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, pirobiTia. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, yuradRebas imsaxurebs Semdegigaremoeba. literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom sazogadoebis koleqtivisturi orientacia<strong>da</strong>, saerTod, cxovrebis wesi, kacobriobisaTvis gacilebiT ufro reprezentatiulia,vidre individualizmi, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT mis ufro xangrZliv droiT perspeqtivas<strong>da</strong> sivrciT ganfenilobas sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva qveyanaSi 2 . XVI saukunemde <strong>da</strong>savluri kulturebicmkafio koleqtivisturi orientaciiT xasiaTdebodnen, individualisturitendenciebi mxolod amis Semdeg iCens Tavs 3 .`Sua saukuneebis <strong>da</strong>savleTi iseTive `ara<strong>da</strong>savluri~ iyo, rogorc mTeli <strong>da</strong>narCenimsoflio~, _ wers n.muzaSvili. Semdeg misi saxe Secvala renesansisa <strong>da</strong> re<strong>for</strong>maciisprocesebma, romlebic <strong>da</strong>upirispir<strong>da</strong> `Suasaukuneobrivi koleqtivizmis citadels _saxelmwifosa <strong>da</strong> eklesiis simbiozs. am Widils SeiZleba individualizmisa <strong>da</strong>koleqtivizmis brZolac vuwodoT~ 4 . amitom xSirad saubroben winaindustriulisazogadoebebis koleqtivistur xasiaTze, dRes ki koleqtivisturad miiCneven samxreTevropis, laTinuri amerikis, aziuri <strong>da</strong> afrikuli kulturebis umravlesobas.<strong>da</strong>savleT evropaSi yvelaze mkafio koleqtivisturi orientaciiT espanur <strong>kultura</strong>sgamoarCeven.saqarTvelos ar hqonia urTierToba evropasTan mas Semdeg, rac iq individualisturisazogadoeba mkafiod Camoyalib<strong>da</strong>. Cveni <strong>kultura</strong>, koleqtivisturiaRmosavluri (muslimuri) kulturebis garemocvaSi, romelsac mogvianebiT ruseTisaseve koleqtivisturi <strong>kultura</strong> <strong>da</strong>emata, mcirejgufovan koleqtivistur <strong>kultura</strong>dCamoyalib<strong>da</strong>. amas xeli Seuwyo im mizezebma, romlebzec cota zemoT gvqon<strong>da</strong> saubari.holandieli fsiqologis g.hofstedes mier SemoTavazebulia kidev erTimaxasiaTebeli kulturis saxis gansasazRvrad, anu, rogorc Tavad mecnieri uwodebs,`kulturuli ganzomileba~; esaa maskulinoba-feminobis maxasiaTebeli 5 . maskulinuri1niJaraZe g. politikuri qceva saqarTveloSi, gv.7.2surmaniZe l. individualisturi <strong>da</strong> koleqtivisturi sazogadoebebi (Teoriuli modelebi <strong>da</strong> empiriulikvlevebi). Tb., 2001, gv.7.3 Гуревич А.Я. Категории средневековой культуры. М., 1984.4muzaSvili n. “orientaciebis” Sesaxeb. _ Jurn. “omega”, Tb., 2000, 7, gv.4.5 ix.: surmaniZe l. <strong>da</strong>sax. naSr., gv. 84-86; niJaraZe g. qarTuli <strong>kultura</strong>: qaluri, mamakacuri, bavSvuri. _Jurn.: dro mSvidobisa, Tb., 2001, 2, gv.79-82.97
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