qronika+318

294 69 77; qronikaqronika@gmail.com
donald trampis istoriuli sityva
bi, romelTac is aages, TaRliTebi
da damnaSaveebi iyvnen. amerikuli istoriis
radikaluri Tvalsazrisi
aris sicrueebis bade, sadac yvela
perspeqtiva daSorebulia, yvela
siqvele Sefarulia, yvela motivi
ukuRmaa Setrialebuli, yoveli
faqti damaxinjebulia, yoveli nakli
utrirebulia, vidre istoria ar
iqneba sruliad gawmendili da faqtebi
ise damaxinjebuli, rom veRaravin
icnos. es moZraoba xSirad Tavs
esxmis raSmoris mTis istoriul
pirTa memkvidreobas. igi talaxs
esvris xsovnas vaSingtonze, jefersonze,
linkolnsa da ruzveltze.
dRes Cvens istoriasa da mis dask-
varT, Cven Cveni qveynis mamas, jorj
vaSingtons, pativs mivagebT da
davafasebT. igi arasdros iqneba
gankveTili, gauqmebuli da rac yvelaze
mTavaria, daviwyebuli.
Tomas jefersoni _ didi Tomas
jefersoni 33 wlisa iyo, rodesac
CrdiloeTidan pensilvaniaSi gaemgzavra.
breivoris saxiT Seqmna sakacobrio
istoriis udidesi saunje,
damoukideblobis deklaracia. manve
Seqmna virjiniis konstituciis
monaxazi da aseve virjiniis wesdeba
religiuri TavisuflebisTvis, Cveni
pirveli konstituciis damatebis
erTgvari modeli. mas Semdeg, rac
man imsaxura, rogorc pirvelma sa-
cis Semoteva da piketi.
linkolnma moigo samoqalaqo
omi. man gamosca emansipaciis proklamaciis
ganacxadi, man ganixila
me-13 damatebiTi debuleba, riTac
monoba samudamod mospo da sabolood
mas sicocxlis fasad daujda
es gadamWreli qmedebebi, Cveni
eri-saxelmwifosa da kavSiris SesanarCuneblad
ganxorcielebuli. vidre
cocxlebi varT, Cven, amerikelebi,
daviwyebas ar mivcemT prezident
abraham linkolnis xsovnasa da
pativs mivagebT mas.
Teodor ruzveltma gaaTvalsa-
Cinova dauokebeli ndoba Cveni
erovnuli kulturisa da identobis
Cagvrisa da gamijvnis adgilad
gadaaqcevda. maT surT, rom dagvadumon,
magram Cven ar davdumdebiT.
me madlobas gixdiT, did madlobas!
Cven simarTles bodiSis moxdis
gareSe sruli moculobiT warmovadgenT.
Cven vacxadebT, rom amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebi yvelaze samarTliani
da gansakuTrebuli erisaxelmwifoa
aqamde dedamiwaze arsebulTa
Soris. Cven amayni varT im
faqtis gamo, rom Cveni qveyana iudeur-qristianul
principebzea
dafuZnebuli da Cven gvesmis, rom
am faseulobebma mSvidobisa da samarTlianobis
saqme mTel msofli-
Sirebs da Cvenc _ erTmaneTTan. maTi
mizani ar aris ukeTesi amerika, maTi
mizania amerikis dasruleba.
mis adgilas maT surT Zalaufleba
sakuTari TavisTvis, magram
ise, rogorc patriotebi gasul
saukuneSi amas moimoqmedebdnen, amerikeli
xalxi maT gadaudgeba aqeTken
mimaval gzaze da Cven swrafad
da Rirseulad gavimarjvebT. Cven
arasodes davuSvebT, rom amerikis
gmirebi maT Cveni kvarcxlbekebidan
an Cveni gulebidan daamxon, amoagdon.
amxoben ra vaSingtons an jefersons,
am radikalebs surT im memkvidreobis
damxoba, rasac xsenebulma
adamianebma TavianTi sicocxle
vniT Sejamebas Tavis marTebul adgils
mivuCenT.
vidre es figurebi qvaSi gamaradiuldebodnen,
isini iyvnen amerikeli
goliaTebi sisxliTa da xorciT,
galanturi mamakacebi, romelTa
uSiSarma saqmeebma sakacobrio progresi
samyarosTvis umagaliTod
didi naxtomiT win waswies. dRes sa-
Ramos Tqven da, upirveles yovlisa,
axalgazrdebs mogiyvebiT am didkacebis
namdvil istorias.
jorj vaSingtoni Tavidan fexebamde
amerikeli xalxis siZlieres,
momxibvlelobasa da Rirsebas warmoadgenda.
moxalise moqalaqeTa da
glexTa mcire razmisgan man Seqmna
kontinenturi armia da Semoikriba
isini Tavis garSemo, raTa dapirispireboda
msoflios uZlieres
samxedro Zalas. rva wlis ganmalobaSi,
ueli forjis sastik zamTar-
Si, sapasuxo dartymebTan erTad,
gauZRva am patriotebs saboloo
triumfisken. rodesac armia 1776
wlisTvis aTas kacamde Semcirda,
rodesac damarcxeba sruliad
gardauvali Canda, misi jaris nar-
Cenma gabeda da delavaris mdinare
gadalaxa. maT gaiares 9 mili yinva-
Si da sibneleSi, bevri Ceqmis gare-
Sec iyo darCenili da sisxlis nakvalevs
tovebda Tovlze. diliT
maT gamarjveba moipoves trenton-
Si, mas Semdeg rac iorkTaunSi msoflios
uZlieres saxelmwifos kapitulacia
aiZules. generali vaSingtoni
pretenzias Zalauflebaze ki
ar acxadebda, aramed, rogorc ker-
Zo piri, daubrunda maunT vernons.
rodesac mas xelmeored mouxmes,
igi sakonstitucio konvents uZRveboda
filadelfiaSi da erTxmad
airCies pirvel prezidentad. rodesac
igi ori saxelisuflebo vadis
Semdeg gadadga, Tavisi yofili mowinaaRmdege,
mefe jorji, Tavisi
drois yvelaze did adamianad
daasaxela. igi dRemde pirvelia
Cvens gulebSi, radgan iqamde, vidre
amerikelebs TavianTi qveyana uy-
gareo saqmeTa ministrma da Semdeg
viceprezidentma, igi prezidentad
airCies. man ubrZana amerikel meomrebs
barberis mekobreTa ganadgureba.
luizianis Sesyidvis Semdeg
man Cveni eri-saxelmwifos farTobi
gaaormaga, man cnobili aRmomCenebi
luisi da klarki gaagzavna dasavleTiT
gabedul eqspediciaSi wynari
okeanisken. igi iyo arqiteqtori, gamomgonebeli,
diplomati, swavluli,
msoflios erT-erTi udidesi universitetis
damaarsebeli da Tavisuflebis
mgznebare damcveli. amerikelebi
yovelTvis aRtacebiT moixsenieben
amerikuli Tavisuflebis
Semoqmeds, Tomas jefersons da mas
arc Cven daviviwyebT odesme.
abraham linkolni _ Cveni eris
mxsneli, iyo TviTnaswavli iuristi,
romelic amerikis sazRvarTan axlos,
qoxSi gaizarda. rogorc pirveli
respublikeli prezidenti, igi
manamde SeumCneveli safexuridan
maRal Tanamdebobebze aRzevda,
radgan monobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli
misi Sexedulebebi uZlieresi da
cxadi iyo... man xeli moawera transkontinentuli
rkinigzis mSeneblobis
kanons. man xeli moawera houmstedis
kanons, rac zogierT gansakuTrebul
swavluls mieca, gansazRvra
ra Cveulebriv, rom rigiTma
moqalaqem Tavisufali miwebi miiRos
amerikis dasavleTSi yvelgan
dasasaxleblad. da igi win uZRoda
qveyanas Tavisi istoriis ubneles
periodSi, sadac yvelas TiTo misxals
aZlevda Tavisi Zalisas, imaSi
dasarwmuneblad, rom xalxis xelisufleba
_ xalxis mxardaWeriT
da xalxisave mxardamWeri _ Tavadac
ar damTavrebuliyo. igi iyo mTavarsardali
amerikuli armiisa sisxliani
samoqalaqo omis dros, romelmac
ixsna Cveni kavSiri da monobis
ubedureba mospo. 600 000 adamiani
daiRupa am omSi, 20.000-ze meti mokvda
da daiWra mxolod erT dRes antietamSi,
geTisburgSi. 157 wlis win
kavSirma mxned moigeria 15 000 ka-
mimarT. igi xedavda amerikuli misiis
gansakuTrebul sidiades msoflioSi
da iyo misi mimdevari mTeli
Tavisi energiiTa da mgznebarebiT.
rogorc ufrosi leitenanti amerika-espaneTis
omSi, igi meTaurobda
cnobil raf raiderebs, mteri rom
daemarcxebina san-xuanis borcvze.
rogorc niu-iork-sitis policiis
ufrosma, man amoZirkva korufcia,
Semdeg msaxurobda niu-iorkis gubernatoris
Tanamdebobaze, amis Semdeg
gaxda viceprezidenti da bolos,
42 wlis asakSi, igi gaxda amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis yvela
drois yvelaze axalgazrda prezidenti.
man Cveni yvelaze didi axali
samxedro-sazRvao floti mTel
dedamiwaze gauSva, raTa euwyebina
amerikis, rogorc msoflio zesaxelmwifos
gamoCena asparezze. man
Cven bevri axali erovnuli parki
gvaCuqa, maT Soris, grand qenioni.
man dasabami daudo gasaocari panamis
arxis mSeneblobas da is erTaderTi
pirovnebaa, vinc miiRo rogorc
nobelis premia mSvidobis dargSi,
ise _ kongresis sapatio medali.
is srulyofili gansxeuleba iyo
amerikuli Tavisuflebisa. amerikeli
xalxi arasdros Seeleva Teodor
ruzveltis mamac, mSvenier da
dauokebel suls.
arc erT moZraobas, romelic
ecdeba, es Rirebuli amerikuli
memkvidreoba gaauqmos, gulSi ar
eqneba siyvaruli amerikisadmi. es
SeuZlebelia! verc erTi adamiani,
vinc dums am brwyinvale memkvidreobis
ganadgurebisas, ver gagviZRveba
ukeTesi momavlisaken. radikaluri
ideologia, romelic utevs
Cvens qveyanas, socialuri samarTlianobis
droSis qveS moiwevs, sinamdvileSi
ki igi siamovnebiT daangrevda
rogorc samarTlianobas,
ise _ sazogadoebas. igi samarTlianobas
aqcevda dayofisa da SurisZiebis
iaraRad da Cvens Tavisufal
da integrirebul sazogadoebas
oSi dramatulad win waswies. Cven
viciT, rom amerikuli ojaxi amerikuli
cxovrebis fundamentia. Cven
vaRiarebT yvela eri-saxelmwifos
uflebasa da zneobriv movaloebas,
daicvan sakuTari sazRvrebi da Cven
vagebT kedels. Cven vixsenebT imas,
rom mTavrobebi muSaoben sakuTari
mosaxleobis usafrTxoebisa da bednierebis
dasacavad. eri-saxelmwifo,
upirveles yovlisa, sakuTar moqalaqeebze
unda zrunavdes. es
droulia. Cven gvwams Sansebis Tanabroba,
Tanasworoba da erTnairad
mopyroba yvela rasis, warmomavlobis,
religiisa da sarwmunoebis moqalaqebis
mimarT. yvela bavSvi, ra
ferisac ar unda iyos is, dabadebuli
Tu daubadebeli, aris RvTis
wminda xatad Seqmnili.
Cven gvsurs Tavisufali da Ria
debati, ar gvsurs enobrivi kodi da
aseve raime uaryofa kulturis mimarT.
Cven vaRiarebT tolerantobas,
ara gansjiT wanamZRvrebs. Cven
mxars vuWerT gambedav mamakacebsa
da qalebs samarTaldamcvel struqturaSi.
Cven arasodes gavauqmebT
Cvens policias da arc Cveni konstituciis
did meore debulebas, rac
uflebas gvaZlevs, viqonioT iara-
Ri da vataroT is. Cven gvwams, rom
Cvens bavSvebs unda vaswavloT TavianTi
samSoblis siyvaruli, TavianTi
istoriis dafaseba da Cveni
didi amerikuli droSis pativiscema.
Cven vdgavarT medgrad, amayad da
muxls moviyriT yovladZlieri RmerTis
winaSe. esaa, rac Cven varT.
esaa, risic gvwams da esaa is faseulobebi,
romlebic win gagviZRvebian
ukeTesi da ufro diadi momavlisaken.
isini, romlebic cdiloben
amoZirkvon Cveni memkvidreoba,
surT rom Cven, amerikelebma, daviviwyoT
Cveni siamaye da Rirseba ise,
rom veRar SevZloT amerikis bedSi
garkveva. amxoben ra 1776 wlis gmirebs,
isini cdiloben siyvarulisa da
erTgulebis kavSirebis mospobas,
romelic Cvens qveyanasTan gvakav-
Seswires, raTa gaemarjvebinaT samoqalaqo
omSi, isini waSlidnen mogonebas,
ramac is jariskacebi STaagona
sikvdilze wasuliyvnen, rodesac
isini respublikis sabrZolo
himns mRerodnen: „rogorc is mokvda,
rom wminda-eyo vaJkacebi, aseve
dagvacaleT movkvdeT, raTa adamianebi
gavaTavisufloT, maSin rodesac
ufali Tavis svlas ganagrZobs”.
isini mospobdnen principebs, ramac
daasrula monoba da mTel msoflioSi
es boroti intituti gaauqma,
rac tanjavda kacobriobas araerTi
saukune Tu aTaswleuli. Cveni mowinaaRmdegeebi
daxevdnen im dokumentebs,
romelSic martin luTer kingma
Tavisi ocneba gamoxata, rac safuZlad
daedo samarTliani samoqalaqo
uflebebisTvis mebrZol
moZraobas. isini mospobdnen Sexedulebebs,
kulturasa da identobas,
romelmac amerika aqcia dedamiwis
istoriaSi yvelaze cocxal da
tolerantul sazogadoebad. Cemo
amerikelo Tanamoqalaqeno, droa,
visaubroT xmamaRla da mtkiced,
raTa davicvaT Cveni qveynis mTlianoba!
droa, Cvenma politikosebma mouxmon
Cvens amerikel winamorbedTa
simamaces da simtkices! droa! droa,
gavSaloT Cveni droSebi da davicvaT
am didebuli qveynis yvela rasis,
yvela qalaqis, yvela nawilis
moqalaqeebi! Cveni Rirsebis saxeliT,
Cveni bavSvebis saxeliT, Cveni
erTianobis saxeliT unda davicvaT
Cveni istoria, Cveni memkvidreoba da
Cveni didi gmirebi. dRes saRamos aq,
Cvens winamorbedTa Tvalwin, amerikelebi
xelaxla acxadeben, rogorc
es 244 wlis winaT moimoqmedes,
rom Cven aravis mivcemT saSualebas,
tiranuli meTodebiT mogvepyros,
dagvamciros da ar mivcemT borot
adamianebs Cveni daSinebis saSualebas.
es ar moxdeba!
gagrZeleba 37-e gv.
N16 (318) 21.07-27.07.2020 w.
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