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14 CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERE AND REMOTE SENSING 3. Spectroscopic studies of atmospheric particles will be performed within a large long-term intercomparison exercise (EU-project ICARTT). 4. Study of the inter-annual variation of the solar radiation field including 2-D imaging spectroscopy of the radiative properties of the atmosphere with a particular focus on the radiative properties during the life cycle of individual clouds (DFG Forschergruppe ’life cycles of clouds’) 5. Using novel ballon-based instrumentation (Mini-DOAS), the time-dependence of ozone destroying radicals (BrO, and OClO) and inferred reactive chlorine will be investigated from which conclusions on the most important loss reactions for stratospheric ozone in polar winter can be drawn. 6. Investigation of the transport and photochemical processes at the major entrance of tropospheric air into the stratosphere, i.e. the tropical upper troposphere layer/lowermost stratosphere (TTL/LMS) Conclusions will be drawn on the ozone depletion potential of major manmade and naturally emitted ozone destroying chemicals passing the TTL/LMS (EU-project SCOUT-O3). 7. Study of the European carbon balance and in particular the fossil fuel CO2 contribution (EUproject CarboEurope-IP) 8. Within the carbon system, investigation of independent constraints on global carbon exchange as derived from long-term high precision 14 CO2 observations in combination with model studies (DFG project, Atmospheric 14 C). 9. Investigation of the continental European hydrogen budget (in particular the anthropogenic source and the soil sink) using continuous and aircraft observations over Europe and Siberia (EUROHYDROS and TCOS II, submitted EU proposals) Instrument development will be continued, a particular topic being preparation for the new German research aircraft HALO. In this context we are developing novel instruments based on imaging and near-IR spectroscopy. Literature A total of 16 peer reviewed manuscripts where accepted by or appeared in scientific journals. Members of the institute were invited to give 19 presentations on topics related to atmospheric research at scientific conferences Diploma and Doctoral Theses A total of 4 Diploma theses and 2 Doctoral theses on topics related to atmospheric research were completed in the reporting period.
2.1. TROPOSPHERIC RESEARCH GROUP 15 2.1 Tropospheric Research Group Group members Prof Dr. U. Platt, Chief of Staff Dipl. Phys. N. Bobrowski, PhD Student Dipl. Phys. B. Dix, PhD Student M. Gillmann, Staff MSc. O. Ibrahim, PhD Student Dipl. Phys. C. Kern, PhD Student I. Louban, Diploma Student Dipl. Phys. A. Merten, PhD Student Dr. C. Peters, Post Doc K. Seitz, Diploma Student Dipl Phys. R. Sinreich, PhD Student T. Stein, Diploma Student Dr. S. Trick, Staff Dr. J. Zingler, Post Doc Abstract Tropospheric research in the IUP concentrates on the processes governing the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere. Of particular interest are release processes of reactive halogen species from a multitude of sources (marine biology, sea spray, volcanoes, etc.) into the troposphere. Consequences for the state of the troposphere are studied together with the other atmospheric subgroups and within national and international collaborations. Scientific Objectives include studies of the processes governing the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. In particular the release and activation processes of reactive halogen species in the troposphere. the questions studied in this year centered on the following questions: • The abundance of reactive halogen species (BrO, IO, I2) in the marine boundary layer in coastal regions. • The abundance of reactive halogen species (BrO, IO) and related compounds over the open ocean. • The abundance of reactive halogen species, in particular BrO, and related species like NO2, NO3 and CH2O in the free troposphere. • The rate of volcanic emissions of reactive halogen species, e.g. BrO, ClO, OClO. • Chemical evolution of reactive halogen species in volcanic plumes, in particular what are the processes after O2 and O3 mixes into the originally reducing plume. Overarching topic Studies of radical processes in tropospheric chemistry, the oxidation capacity of the troposphere, i.e. the camacity of the atmosphere to clean itself from natural and anthropogenic pollutants. Background Free radicals play a pivotal role in atmospheric chemistry. Despite their exceedingly small concentration (mixing ratios around 10-12), these species are the driving force for most chemical processes in the atmosphere. While the role of hydrogen radicals (OH, HO2) is relatively well studied and largely understood, other free radicals like halogen atoms or halogen oxides (e.g. IO, BrO, ClO) have been neglected until recently. In particular, at the levels suggested by the available measurements tropospheric halogen species can have profound effects on many aspects of tropospheric chemistry, these include: (1) Reactive halogen species, and in particular reactive bromine and iodine can readily destroy tropospheric ozone, which can have a multitude of consequences, both chemical and climatic (e.g. [Roscoe et al. , 2001], [Platt & Hönninger, 2003]). Catalytic ozone destruction essentially occurs by two distinct reaction cycles. Either (I) involving self reaction of halogen oxide radicals with other halogen oxide radicals (XO+XO or XO+YO) or (II) reaction of halogen oxides with hydrogen radicals
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 135 References Ba
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 147 Preunkert,
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4.1. GROUNDWATER AND PALEOCLIMATE 1
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4.2. LAKE RESEARCH (LIMNOPHYSICS) 1
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Small-Scale Air-Sea Interaction 5.1
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170 CHAPTER 5. SMALL-SCALE AIR-SEA
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Forschungsstelle “Radiometrie”
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188 CHAPTER 6. FORSCHUNGSSTELLE “
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7.1. PEER REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS 209
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Institut für Umweltphysik Im Neuen
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