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66 CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERE AND REMOTE SENSING 2.4.9 Development of a computer tool for the inversion and optimization of airborne tomographic DOAS measurements (Tomolab2) Participating scientist Bing-Chao Song, Andreas Hartl and Irene Pundt Abstract The tomographic DOAS software project Tomolab [Laepple et al., 2004] is further developed for Airborne Multi Axis DOAS (AMAXDOAS) measurements. With its ability to include scattered light paths it can be used to optimize airborne measurements, optimize measurement geometries and for the reconstruction of 2D/3D concentration fields. Figure 2.33: Flight track with ground-reflected light paths (left), 2D single scattering light path geometry and reconstruction (right) in Tomolab2. Background The Tomolab software was originally created especially for ground-based active measurements, i.e. light paths clearly defined by source and reflector. While it is efficient for analyzing and displaying simple geometries, it does not include scattering processes, neither in its graphics nor in its inversion part. Tomolab was designed as a Windows project and runs on personal computers only. The enhanced version Tomolab2 removes the dependency of the Windows system and, for intensive calculations, can be run on any UNIX workstation. Very flexible scripting support simplifies case studies for different geometric settings and atmospheric conditions. Funding DOAS Tomography, BMBF Method Single scattering processes, usually dominating the atmospheric radiative transfer, are simulated by defining a group of partial light paths which all enter the telescope and add up to the same measurement signal. Their individual contributions to the total absorption captured by the telescope are weighted by their relative light intensities from radiative transfer calculation for the layer where the scattering event took place. We finally obtain box air mass factors (AMFs) for cases where single scattering dominates. Measurements where multiple scattering is not negligi- ble can also be simulated and reconstructed, but the corresponding 2D or 3D box AMFs have to be calculated by suitable radiative transfer models. The modular structure of Tomolab2 makes exchange of platform dependent code easier. The visualization part is currently implemented for the Windows system. The scripting support layer for Windows is implemented using the so called COM technique. Essential and common functions are encapsulated into binary components to ensure the stability of the project. Varying case studies can be done by scripting components without modifying Tomolab2’s code. Results The Tomolab2 project was developed for passive airborne DOAS measurements and designed aiming at a flexible and platformindependent structure. 2D box AMFs have been calculated for lightly polluted scenarios and compare well with those from a radiative transfer model. The program also has been tested on UNIX platforms. Thanks to its modular structure, Tomolab2 can easily be updated and maintained. Outlook/Future work 3D reconstruction. Embedding of radiative transfer models for operational usage.
2.4. DOAS TOMOGRAPHY GROUP 67 References Bäuerle, A. 2004. Messung von Spurenstoffverteilungen in Mailand mit Hilfe eines Multistrahl- Langpfad Teleskops. Staatsexamensarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany. Bruns, M., Buehler, S. A., Burrows, J. P., Heue, K.-P., Platt, U., Pundt, I., Richter, A., Rozanov, A., Wagner, T., & Wang, P. 2004. Retrieval of profile information from Airborne Multi Axis UV/visible skylight absorption measurements. Appl.Opt., 43(22), 4415 – 4426. Bruns, M., Buehler, S. A., Burrows, J. P., Richter, A., Rozanov, A., Wang, P., Heue, K.-P., Platt, U., Pundt, I., & Wagner, T. 2005. NO2 Profile retrieval using airborne multi axis UV-visible skylight absorption measurements over central Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. accepted. Fix, A., Ehret, G., Flentje, H., Poberaj, G., Gottwald, M., Finkenzeller, H., Bremer, H., Bruns, M., Burrows, J. P., Kleinbhl, A., Kllmann, H., Kuttippurath, J., Richter, A., Wang, P., Heue, K.- P., Platt, U., Pundt, I., & Wagner, T. 2005. SCIAMACHY validation by aircraft remote sensing: design, execution, and first measurement results of the SCIA-VALUE mission. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1273 – 1289. Hak, C., Pundt, I., Trick, S., Kern, C., Platt, U., Dommen, J., Ordóˆnez, C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Junkermann, W., Astorga-Lloréns, C., Larsen, B. R., Mellqvist, J., Strandberg, A., Yu, Y., Galle, B., Kleffmann, J., Lörzer, J., Braathen, G. O., & Volkamer, R. 2005. Intercomparison of four different in-situ techniques for ambient formaldehyde measurements in urban air. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2881 – 2900. Hartl, A., Song, B.-C., & Pundt, I. 2005a. Reconstructing 2d-Concentration Peaks from Long Path DOAS-Tomographic measurements: Parametrisation and Geometry within a Discrete Approach. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 5, 11781 – 11819. Hartl, A., Mettenorf, K. U., Song, B. C., & Pundt, I. 2005b. Reconstruction of 2D-Trace Gas Concentration Distributions from Long-path DOAS Measurements: General Approach, Validation and Simulations for an Experiment on an Urban Site. In: Proceedings of the 31st ”International Symposium of Remote Sensing of the Environment”, June 20-24, 2005, in St. Petersburg, Russia. ISPRS-publication(CD-ROM). Heckel, A., Richter, A., Tarsu, T., Wittrock, F., Hak, C., Pundt, I., Junkermann, W., & Burrows, J. P. 2005. MAX-DOAS measurements of formaldehyde in the Po-Valley. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 909 – 918. Heue, K.-P. 2005. Airborne Multi Axis DOAS instrument and measurements of two dimensional tropospheric trace gas distributions. Ph.D. thesis, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany. Heue, K.-P., Beirle, S., Bruns, M., Burrows, J. P., Platt, U., Pundt, I., Richter, A., Wagner, T., & P. Wang, P. 2004. SCIAMACHY validation using the AMAXDOAS instrument. In: Proceedings of the ENVISAT & ERS Symposium, 6-10 September 2004, Salzburg, Austria. ESA-publication SP-572 (CD-ROM). Heue, K.-P., Richter, A., Bruns, M., Burrows, J. P., Friedeburg, C. von, Platt, U., Pundt, I., Wang, P., & Wagner, T. 2005. Validation of SCIAMACHY tropospheric NO2-columns with AMAXDOAS measurements. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1039 – 1051. I., I. Pundt, Mettendorf, K.U., & v. Friedeburg, C. 2005. Emissionsmessung von NO2, SO2 und O2 mittels DOAS Fernerkundung. Invited talk at the workshop ”Validierung von Kfz-Emissionsdaten: Das Karlsruher Autobahnprojekt BAB II”, Karlsruhe, 01.12.2005. Knab, V. 2004. Basic theory on DOAS tomography, Reconstruction of 2D trace gas distributions by discrete linear inversion techniques. Diplomarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany. Kunz, C. 2001. Charakterisierung eines Multi-Strahl-Langpfad-DOAS-Systems zur Messung von Spurenstoff-Konzentrationen in der Atmosphre. Staatsexamensarbeit, Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
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CONTENTS 7 3.2.1 Glaciological pilo
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