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22 CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERE AND REMOTE SENSING 2.1.4 New Operational Software for Automatic DOAS Measurement and Analysis Participating scientist André Merten Abstract The opportunity offered by the DOAS method to do an automatic measurement and analysis of atmospheric trace gases has not been used because of the leak of adequate software. The requirements of modern measurement software were studied and a new, easier to handle DOASsoftware was developed, which can be used to monitor trace gases. Figure 2.4: Screen shots of the program ’LabDOAS Measurement’. Background The DOAS method is only practicable by use of computers. Therefore, the software is of great importance for the quality of measurement and data evaluation – especially for a fully automatic measurement and analysis mode e.g. for monitoring air quality. The DOAS method should be an analytical tool in atmospheric science, and instead the major content of the work. To meet this requirements, a new software tool was designed. Funding IALSI Methods and results The requirements for a modern DOAS software were determined: • Reliable communication with instrument controllers • Complete control by graphical user interface (GUI) • Status of the devices and the measurement is reported by graphs • Recording of all important information together with the spectra (digital log-book) • Parallel execution of measurement and data analysis • Automatic documentation of measurement and analysis (as text and graphics) According to these requirements a software package consisting of three programs based on Lab- VIEW was developed: The program ’LabDOAS MEASUREMENT’ controls an active DOAS device. It can run in an automatic measurement and evaluation mode, completely controlled by GUI and remote acces. Status of measurement and analysis are exported automatically as graphics. The easy handling supports the operator especially in case of adjusting the DOAS device. ’LabDOAS ANALYSIS’ is designed for more intensive data evaluation. A single spectrum as well a whole time series of spectra can be analysed with mathematical functions like digital filters and Fourier transformation, including methods to analyse residual structures of lamp spectra like correlation analysis. ’LabDOAS CALIBRA- TION’ offers automatic wavelength calibration of the spectrograph with spectra of atomic emmissions. It contains a comprehensive database of atomic spectral lines. This calibration is used to prepare the reference cross sections for the DOAS evaluation. Outlook/Future work This software package was tested successfully at a long path telescope and has shown its advantages also in the examination of lamp noise and exploration of absorption cross sections. Additional functions such as automatic adjusting and evaluation of stray light spectra are in preparation.
2.1. TROPOSPHERIC RESEARCH GROUP 23 2.1.5 Ground based MAX-DOAS measurements Participating scientists Ossama Ibrahim, Thomas Wagner, Ulrich Platt Abstract The Multi-axis DOAS technique uses scattered sunlight to obtain information about the trace gases in the atmosphere by pointing a telescope to different elevation angles and thus receiving light from different directions. Using Multi-axis DOAS instrument on a stable or movable ground based platform can also be used to validate DOAS measurements done by satellite instruments. Figure 2.5: Latitudinal distribution of Stratospheric NO2 VCDs in comparison with SCIAMACHY results as an example of satellite data validation using ground based MAX-DOAS. The morning measurements were taken between 5-7 AM O’clock morning and the afternoon ones are between 5-7 PM O’clock afternoon and SCIAMACHY data were collected at 10 AM local equator time. Background The measurement of trace gases (identification and quantification) is important for the investigation of the chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. The development of the Multi Axis DOAS was an important milestone on the way of DOAS technique evolution. The ability to direct telescopes to different elevation angles (multi-axis) allows to emphasize absorption paths from lowermost atmospheric layers onto the stratosphere. Measurements from the ground can provide information on the vertical profile of the absorbing trace gases under investigation. Funding IMPRS fellowship Methods and results Measurements using Multi-axis DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) on board of a ship platform (Polarstern research vessel of Alfred-Wegner <strong>Institut</strong>e <strong>für</strong> Polar- und Meeresforschung) were carried out successfully in a latitudinal range between 52 ◦ N and 72 ◦ S every year in the last four years and gave the possibility to measure several trace gases like NO2, O3 and BrO in the stratosphere and/or in the marine boundary layer (MBL). The measurements showed elevated tropospheric NO2 values in the English channel area and the existence of the tropospheric BrO in the MBL westerly from Africa in the latitudinal range between 10 ◦ N and 30 ◦ N, which cannot be seen by satellite instruments because of their higher detection limit in mid-latitudes. Also a latitudinal cross sectional distribution of the stratospheric NO2, O3 and BrO were compared to those obtained from satellite measurements from GOME and SCIA- MACHY (see figure 2.5). Ground based measurements from a stable platform in Cabauw in Holland were performed to retrieve information about the tropospheric values of trace gases like NO2 and compare them to those obtained from satellite OMI. Arranging the viewing geometry using three different telescopes in three viewing planes can provide some data on the variation of the NO2 concentrations within an OMI pixel. For information about the satellites see satellite group report. Outlook/Future work More investigation of trace gas concentrations in the troposphere and stratosphere using ground based measurements from different platforms comparing with results from satellite measurements for validation of especially the newer generations SCIAMACHY and OMI is going to be performed in the near future. The Multi-axis DOAS will be used on a moving platform (car) in urban areas to make estimation of the in and out flux of trace gases from cities besides measurements for single plumes from powerplants or industrial activities. This is a promising application which has already started.
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Forschungsstelle “Radiometrie”
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Institut für Umweltphysik Im Neuen
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