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76 CHAPTER 2. ATMOSPHERE AND REMOTE SENSING 2.5.5 Retrieval of carbon monoxide from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT Participating scientist Christian Frankenberg, Ulrich Platt, Thomas Wagner Abstract SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT features three near infrared spectrometers and thereby enables the retrieval of atmospheric carbon monoxide which holds interest from several perspectives. Despite severe instrumental problems first global retrievals from SCIAMACHY have become feasible. Figure 2.39: Maximum CO vertical column densities as seen by SCIAMACHY. Background The global distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) holds interest from several perspectives: as a primary and secondary determinant of air quality, as the leading sink of hydroxyl radicals, and as an atmospheric tracer with a relatively long lifetime, that is, an indicator of how transport redistributes pollutants on a global scale. High CO concentrations can directly affect human health. Indirectly, CO plays a role in the catalytic production and destruction of ozone. In case of high NOx abundance, CO oxidation by OH radicals leads to ozone production. Global measurements with high sensitivity towards the ground are thus very valuable for the quantification of its impact on air quality and OH radical abundances. Funding See satellite group overview. Methods and results The IMAP-DOAS algorithm, which was developed at IUP Heidelberg, was applied to account for saturation effects and to avoid interdependencies of spectrally overlapping strong absorbers. Further, additional spectral calibrations for the SCIAMACHY instrument haven been elaborated to enable the retrieval from channel 8 spectra that are deteriorated due to an ice-layer and low signal to noise ratio. Since SCIAMACHY cannot be considered a dedicated greenhouse gas mission but a prototype with respect to near infrared spectroscopy, several instrumental shortcomings had to be solved. An extensive analysis of these effects enabled the retrieval of and carbon monoxide. In the retrievals, enhancements of carbon monoxide in biomass-burning regions could be clearly identified. In addition, the seasonal and geographical patterns of typical biomass burning regions could be observed. Only in the industrial regions of China, high carbon monoxide abundances were found to be persistent over the year. Main publications Frankenberg et al. [2005c], Frankenberg et al. [2005b]
2.5. SATELLITE GROUP 77 2.5.6 Retrieval of cloud parameters using SCIAMACHY and GOME data Participating scientist Michael Grzegorski, Thomas Wagner, Christian Frankenberg, Mark Wenig 1 , Nicolas Fournier 2 , Piet Stammes 2 1 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA 2 Royal Meteorological <strong>Institut</strong>e of the Netherlands, KNMI, Utrecht, The Netherlands Abstract The retrieval of cloud parameters like cloud coverage, cloud top pressure or cloud optical thickness from satellite is an important issue both for climatology and the analysis of tropospheric trace gases. The HICRU algorithm improves retrieval of effective cloud fraction using data from SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT and GOME on ERS-2. HICRU also allows an accurate cloud retrieval over deserts, which is usually difficult for cloud algorithms. Figure 2.40: case study (08/27/2003): Results of HICRU compared with the corespondent image from Meteosat (2 hours after ENVISAT, taken from www.eumetsat.de, c○Eumetsat) Background The detection of cloud parameters like cloud coverage, cloud top pressure or cloud optical thickness from satellite is an important issue: 1.) for meteorology and the investigation of climate change and 2.) for the analysis of tropospheric trace gases from space relevant to environmental and climatological issues. Although the retrieval of different cloud parameters is useful for trace gas retrievals, especially the accurate identification of completely cloud free regions is crucial due to the shielding effect, which causes an underestimation of the vertical column density of tropospheric trace gases measured by satellite. Funding See satellite group overview. Methods and results The Heidelberg Iterative Cloud Retrieval Utilities (HICRU) retrieve effective cloud fraction by applying the widely used threshold method to the so-called Polarization Monitoring Devices (PMDs) with higher spatial resolution compared to the channels used for trace gas retrievals. The results are validated through intercomparison with different other cloud algorithms. The intercomparisons show the reliability of the HICRU algorithm. The sophisticated retrieval of the HICRU thresholds also allows an accurate retrieval over deserts, which is usually difficult for for GOME/SCIAMACHY cloud algorithms. Cloud fraction retrieved by HICRU using data both from SCIAMACHY and GOME is available free of charge on http://satellite.iup.uniheidelberg.de. Outlook/Future work The results of HICRU will be combined with the DOAS evaluation of O 2 and O 4 and the results from the radiation transfer model TRACY to retrieve further cloud parameters, especially cloud top height. Main publication Grzegorski et al. [2004]
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Institut für Umweltphysik und Arbe
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Contents 1 Introduction/Overview of
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CONTENTS 7 3.2.1 Glaciological pilo
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Introduction In Heidelberg, environ
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Overview Summary Atmospheric resear
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 147 Preunkert,
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Forschungsstelle “Radiometrie”
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7.5. INVITED TALKS 221 Invited Talk
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7.5. INVITED TALKS 223 Pundt, I. 20
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Institut für Umweltphysik Im Neuen
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