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202 CHAPTER 6. FORSCHUNGSSTELLE “RADIOMETRIE” 6.1.12 The authigenic 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio in deep sea sediments as a proxy for the Earth‘s magnetic field intensity Participating scientists Patrick Wenderoth, M. Christl, F. Bernsdorff, A. Mangini, P. Kubik (Zürich) Abstract We tested if the authigenic 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio in deep sea sediments could be used for the reconstruction of the relative Earth’s magnetic field. Reconstruction of the relative Earth’s magnetic field strength for the last 580 ka relative Earth magnetic field, determined with 10 Be Titan corrected / 9 Be(auth.)/g sed from 10 Be Titancorrected / 9 Be(auth.)/g sed Relative Paleointensity from Sint800 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Relative Paleointensity 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0,2 0 0 100 200 200 300 400 400 500 600 600 Age (ka) Figure 6.11: The Relative Earth’s magnetic field, determined with 10 BeT itan corrected/ 9 Be(auth.)/gsed (blue curve) compared with the relative intensity derived from paleomagnetic data (SINT 800), (black curve). Background The production rate of the radionuclide 10 Be in the stratosphere, induced by interaction of cosmic rays with atmospheric O and N, depends on the intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field. The production rate of 10 Be increases when the Earth’s magnetic field strength decreases and vice versa. Therefore, the 10 Beflux in the deep sea sediments is a proxy for the longterm variation of the relative Earth’s magnetic field. However, the 10 Be-flux into sediments has to be normalized with 230 T h to account for processes that redistribute the sediments on the sea floor. This normalization is limited to the last 350 ky. Here, a new method was investigated, based on the normalization to the stable isotope 9 Be. The 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio depends only on the half life of 10 Be (1.5 Ma). Deep sea sediments have a detritic and an authigenic (i.e sea water signature) component. Both 10 Be and 9 Be detritic fluxes may be influenced by climate [McHargue et al., 2005], whereas the normalization of 10 Be on authigenic 9 Be is not. Funding Diplomathesis, non in this case. 1,6 Methods and results In this study a procedure based on sequential extraction steps was developed to separate the authigenic and the terrigenous components of sediments from ODP Leg 177 Site 1089. In addition, Ti in the authigenic fraction was measured to quantify the amount of extracted detritic fraction. The 10 Be-flux normalized to the 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio was compared with that derived from the 230 T h normalization. Best matching was obtained when the 10 Be-flux was normalized to authigenic 9 Be and additionally using a ”Ti-correction”. The magnetic field reconstruction determined by the ”Ti corrected” authigenic 10 Be/ 9 Be ratio correlates well with the record from paleomagnetic data (SINT 800) for the last 580ka (Fig. 6.11). Furthermore, we could show that the signal of paleomagnetic intensity of Site 1089 is partially an artifact of supply of terrigenuos material and, therefore, not as appropriate as the 10 Be-flux for reconstructing the Earth’s magnetic field Main publication Wenderoth [2005]
6.1. RADIOMETRIC DATING OF WATER AND SEDIMENTS 203 References Adkins, J.F., & Boyle, E.A. 1997. Changing atmospheric ∆ 14 C and the record of deep water paleoventilation ages. Paleoceanography, 12(3), 337–344. Beer, J., Mende, W., & Stellmacher, R. 2000. The role of the sun in climate forcing. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 403–415. Bohn, K. 2005. Datierung von fossilen Riffkorallen aus Baja California mit der 230 Th/ 234 U-Methode. unpublished Master Thesis, University of Heidelberg, <strong>Institut</strong>e of Environmental Physics. Bond, G., Kromer, B., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Evans, M.N., Showers, W., Hoffmann, S., Lotti Bond, R., Hajdas, I., & Bonani, G. 2001. Persistent solar influence on North Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science, 294(5549). Braun, H. in press. Possible solar origin of the glacial 1,470-year climate cycle demonstrated in a coupled model. Nature. Burns, S.J., Fleitmann, D., Mudelsee, M., Neff, U., Matter, A., & Mangini, A. 2002. A 780-year annually resolved record of Indian Ocean monsoon precipitation from a speleothem from south Oman. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(D20), doi:10.1029/2001JD001281. Christl, M., Mangini, A., Holzkämper, S., & Spötl, C. 2004. Evidence for a link between the flux of galactic cosmic rays and Earths climate during the past 200,000 years. J. Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 66, 313–322. Christl, M., Schulze, B., Wenderothr, P., Bernsdorff, F., & Mangini, A. 2005. Geomagnetic variability over the past 300,000 years from cosmogenic beryllium-10 in deep-sea sediments - a potential global matching tool. 22. Internationale Polartagung, 18.24.09.2005, Poster. Dreybrodt, W. 1999. Chemical kinetics, speleothem growth and climate. Boreas, 28, 347–356. Eddy, J. 1976. The mounder minimum. Science, 192, 1189–1202. Eitel, B., Hecht, S., Mächtle, B., Schukraft, G., Kadereit, A., Wagner, G.A., Kromer, B., Unkel, I., & Reindel, M. 2005. Geoarchaeological evidence from desert loess in the Nazca/Palpa region, Southern Peru: Palaeoenvironmental changes and their impact on Pre-Columbian cultures. Archaeometry, 47(1), 137–158. Felis, T., Lohmann, G., Kuhnert, H., Lorenz, S.J., Scholz, D., Pätzold, J., Al Rousan, S.A., & Al Moghrabi, S.M. 2004. Increased seasonality in Middle East temperatures during the last interglacial period. Nature, 429, 164–168. Fleitmann, D., Burns, S.J., Mudelsee, M., Neff, U., Kramers, J., Mangini, A., & Matter, A. 2003. Holocene Forcing of the Indian Monsoon Recorded in a Stalagmite from Southern Oman. Science, 300(5626), 1737–1739. Fleitmann, D., Burns, S.J., Neff, U., Mudelsee, M., Mangini, A., & Matter, A. 2004. Palaeoclimatic interpretation of high-resolution oxygen isotope profiles derived from annually laminated speleothems from Southern Oman. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23, 935–945. Friedrich, M., Remmele, S., Kromer, B., Hofmann, J., Spurk, M., Kaiser, K.F., Orcel, C., & Küppers, M. 2004. The 12,460-Year Hohenheim Oak and Pine Tree-Ring Chronology from Central Europe - a Unique Annual Record for Radiocarbon Calibration and Paleoenvironment Reconstructions. Radiocarbon, 46(3), 1111–1122. Ganopolski, A., & Rahmstorf, S. 2001. Rapid changes of glacial climate simulated in a coupled climate model. Nature, 409, 153–158. Ganopolski, A., & Rahmstorf, S. 2002. Abrupt glacial climate changes due to stochastic resonance. Physical Review Letters, 88(3), 038501. Hodell, D.A., Brenner, M., Curtis, J.H., & Guilderson, T. 2001. Solar Forcing of Drought Frequency in the Maya Lowlands. Science, 292, 1367–1370. Holzkämper, S., Mangini, A., Spötl, C., & Mudelsee, M. 2004. Timing and progression of the Last Interglacial derived from a high alpine stalagmite. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(L07201), 1–4.
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Institut für Umweltphysik und Arbe
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Contents 1 Introduction/Overview of
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CONTENTS 7 3.2.1 Glaciological pilo
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Introduction In Heidelberg, environ
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Overview Summary Atmospheric resear
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2.3. RADIATIVE TRANSFER 45 2.3 Radi
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2.3. RADIATIVE TRANSFER 47 Funding
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2.3. RADIATIVE TRANSFER 49 2.3.2 Ox
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2.3. RADIATIVE TRANSFER 51 2.3.4 At
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2.3. RADIATIVE TRANSFER 53 Rothman,
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2.7. CARBON CYCLE GROUP 107 Diploma
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2.7. CARBON CYCLE GROUP 109 2.7.2 S
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2.7. CARBON CYCLE GROUP 111 2.7.4 I
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2.7. CARBON CYCLE GROUP 113 Schell,
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 117 Overview We s
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 119 In November 2
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 121 Major Achieve
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 123 3.1.2 X-ray a
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 125 3.1.4 Near In
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 127 3.1.6 Free Pa
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 129 3.1.8 Unsatur
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 131 3.1.10 Monito
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 133 3.1.12 3D Ful
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3.1. SOIL PHYSICS 135 References Ba
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 137 3.2 Ice an
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 139 regions) a
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 141 3.2.2 Cons
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 143 3.2.4 Clim
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 145 3.2.6 Nove
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3.2. ICE AND CLIMATE 147 Preunkert,
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