PoPulationand Public HealtH etHics
PoPulationand Public HealtH etHics
PoPulationand Public HealtH etHics
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esearch<br />
reFerences<br />
1 Bayer, R. and Fairchild, A. L. (2000). Surveillance and Privacy. Science, 290<br />
(no. 5498), 1898–1999.<br />
2 Coughlin, S. S. (2006). Ethical issues in epidemiologic research and public health<br />
practice. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, 3, 16.<br />
3 Deacon, H. (2006). Towards a sustainable theory of health related stigma: lessons<br />
from the HIV/AIDS literature. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology,<br />
16, 418–425.<br />
aPPenDix 1 Tool for Analyzing <strong>Public</strong> Health Surveillance Plans<br />
Plan element Standard ethical question Example of a problem<br />
Purpose of the<br />
surveillance plan<br />
Choice of subjects<br />
and indicators<br />
Is the surveillance plan proportional?<br />
Are its drawbacks offset by the benefits<br />
that it will provide? How are the<br />
burdens and benefits distributed?<br />
Is the plan transparent as to its<br />
purposes?<br />
Is the surveillance plan useful to<br />
the public?<br />
Are the subjects and indicators<br />
dealing with the target population<br />
representative of the characteristics<br />
of this population and its health?<br />
Have the public and the partners<br />
participated in choosing the subjects<br />
and indicators?<br />
Did disadvantaged groups and their<br />
problems receive special attention<br />
when the subjects and indicators<br />
were defined?<br />
Have subjects and indicators been<br />
included to assess the distribution<br />
of fundamental goods?<br />
Have any subjects or indicators been<br />
included that were submitted by<br />
parties who have an undue influence<br />
on their choice?<br />
PoPulation anD <strong>Public</strong> <strong>HealtH</strong> <strong>etHics</strong><br />
56<br />
The quantity of data to be collected is<br />
disproportionate to the actual use that<br />
will be made of them. Few benefits<br />
provided to the targeted groups.<br />
Some elements will be used for<br />
purposes other than surveillance, but<br />
that fact is not mentioned.<br />
Plan will produce information that will<br />
not lead to actions to improve public<br />
health.<br />
Excessive weight is given to a certain<br />
group within the population or to<br />
certain health problems, without any<br />
justification.<br />
Certain key actors are not<br />
participating, making certain subjects<br />
or indicators irrelevant.<br />
Certain population sub-groups and<br />
problems that affect them especially<br />
are omitted or under-represented.<br />
Plans does not call for any<br />
measurements concerning income,<br />
education, etc.<br />
Plan is sponsored by a private organization<br />
that has interests concerning<br />
a particular health problem regarding<br />
which it wants particular subjects or<br />
indicators to be included.
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