PoPulationand Public HealtH etHics

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policy reFerences 1 Health Canada. (2012). How many First Nation communities are under a Drinking Water Advisory. Ottawa, ON: Health Canada. Retrieved from: http://www.hc-sc. gc.ca/fniah-spnia/promotion/public-publique/water-eau-eng.php#how_many 2 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. (2011). National assessment of First Nations water and wastewater systems - National roll-up report. Ottawa, ON: AANDC. Retrieved from: http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ eng/1313770257504 3 Swain, H., Louttit, S. & Hrudey, S. (2006). Report of the Expert Panel on Safe Drinking Water for First Nations - Volume 1. Ottawa, ON: Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non- Status Indians. Retrieved from: http://www.safewater.org/PDFS/reportlibrary/ P3._EP_-_2006_-_V1.pdf 4 Kahn, J.W., Thornton, A.A., [Blake Cassels & Graydon LLP], Kamanga, D., Sherry, M. & McGregor, D. (2001). Drinking water in Ontario First Nation Communities: present challenges and future directions for on-reserve water treatment in the Province of Ontario. Chiefs of Ontario - Part II submissions to the Walkerton Inquiry Commission. Toronto, ON: Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Retireved from: http://www.ontla.on.ca/library/repository/mon/1000/10294024.pdf 5 Willms & Shier Environmental Lawyers LLP. (2006). Report of the Expert Panel on Safe Drinking Water for First Nations - Volume 2: Legal analysis. Ottawa, ON: Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development and Federal Interlocutor for Métis and Non-Status Indians. Retrieved from: http://www.willmsshier.com/ articles/Report_of_the_Expert_Panel_on_Safe_Drinking_Water_for_First_Nations_ volume_2_e.pdf 6 O’Connor, D.R. (2002). Part two: Report of the Walkerton Inquiry. Chapter 15: First Nations. Toronto, ON: Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General. Retrieved from: http://www.sourcewater.ca/SWP_Resources/Walkerton_Chapter_15.pdf 7 Comet, W. and Lendor, A. (2002). Discussion paper: Matrimonial real property on Reserve. Ottawa, ON: Comet Consulting & Mediation. 8 Simeone, T. (2010). Safe drinking water in First Nations communities (background paper). Ottawa, ON: Library of Parliament; 2010 May. Report No.: 08-43-E. Retrieved from: http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/researchpublications/ prb0843-e.htm 9 Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. (2010). Backgrounder — Safe drinking water for First Nations Act. Ottawa, ON: AANDC. Retrieved from: http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100015849 10 Bill coming to improve First Nations water quality. (2011 Nov 17). Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/11/17/pol-water-quality-reserves.html PoPulation anD Public HealtH etHics 96
Case discussion in response to First nations Drinking water Policies Ted Schrecker Clinical Scientist, Institut de recherche Bruyère Research Institute Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa Principal Scientist, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa Ottawa ON tsCHReCkeR@syMPatICo.Ca Introduction As the authors note, the problem of drinking water safety in First Nations communities is one of long standing. The Auditor-General of Canada concluded in 2011 that “[f]ederal action on drinking water quality [had] not led to significant improvements” since a previous audit in 2005, and indeed pointed out the recognition by the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples in 1996 of the multiple hazards to health associated with living conditions on First Nations reserves. 1 The Government of Canada (GoC), the actor with primary responsibility for public health in such communities, cannot claim ignorance of the issue. Indeed it can be argued that continued inaction on the drinking water issue should not be viewed in isolation, but rather as part of a larger pattern of privation (including, for example, inadequate housing) that generates health disparities between Aboriginal people as a whole and the rest of the Canadian population 2 and is clearly inequitable based on a definition of health equity as “the absence of disparities in health (and in its key social determinants) that are systematically associated with social advantage/disadvantage.” 3 The primary ethical issue in this case is the GoC’s apparent neglect of its constitutional responsibilities related to a basic prerequisite for health. The survey that is the focus of the case study served an important purpose in documenting the extent of the problem, but it was far from the first description. First Nations Drinking Water Policies 97
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PoPulationand Public HealtH etHics
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contents Acknowledgements - page 5
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acknowleDgeMents The Partners would
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» Create a tool to support instruc
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Each of the discussants took on thi
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Twenty years on, things have change
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intervention (say reduction in mort
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ethics understands dilemmas not onl
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priority setting. 17 Once more, usi
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6 See for example the WHO Commissio
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obesity surveillance in scHool cHil
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esearch 2 Inevitably children will
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esearch Case discussion in response
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It would be ideal to get active inf
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esearch participation, leading to a
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to sHare or not to sHare? Secondary
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esearch Scenario shift » What if t
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esearch Many different parties have
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esearch of his concern for people w
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esearcH etHics anD conFlicts oF int
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esearch and non-public information
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esearch reFerences 1 Public Health
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Page 58 and 59: Part two Policy
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Page 68 and 69: policy that this is an injustice. W
Page 70 and 71: DeFerring blooD Donation FroM Men w
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Page 142 and 143: practice Getting Clear on What’s
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practice Cervical cancer is relativ
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practice Case discussion in respons
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practice principle should only be t
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practice potentially cause the gene
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practice Nations’ constitutional
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practice Questions for discussion 1
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practice sanitation and poor housin
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practice Decision making While the
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alberta oil sanDs A toxic mixture o
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practice resolution calling for the
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practice Second, the process of oil
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practice contributing to “contrac
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practice How might the decision and
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wHose role is it to Deal witH socie
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practice same artisanal miners to d
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practice The ethical principle of b
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practice Identify the options avail
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