Final Technical Report: - Southwest Fisheries Science Center - NOAA

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C.1 Journal Publications ...................................................................................................... 201 C.2 PhD Dissertations .......................................................................................................... 201 C.3 Technical Reports ......................................................................................................... 202 C.4 Conference Proceedings ................................................................................................ 202 C.5 Related Publications ...................................................................................................... 203 vi
List of Figures Figure 1. Transects (green lines) surveyed for cetacean abundance in the California Current Ecosystem by the SWFSC 1991-2005 CCE .................................................................................6 Figure 2. Transects (green lines) surveyed for cetaceans in the ETP by the SWFSC 1986-2006 ...................................................................................................................................................6 Figure 3. Completed transects for the winter/spring aerial line-transect surveys conducted off California in March-April 1991 and February-April 1992 ...........................................................7 Figure 4. Geographical distribution of manta and bongo tow stations ...................................... 10 Figure 5. Mean volume backscattering strength, Svmean, in six hour segments along the a) 2003 and b) 2006 transects surveyed by the NOAA ship David Starr Jordan in the eastern tropical Pacific, and c) 2001 and d) 2005 transects surveyed by the NOAA ships David Starr Jordan and McArthur in the California Current ecosystem .......................................................................... 11 Figure 6. Geographic strata used for the CCE spatial predictions .............................................. 25 Figure 7. Geographic strata used for ETP model selection and validation ................................. 29 Figure 8. Stratum numbers for ETP line-transect density estimates for coastal spotted dolphin, killer whale, and sperm whale (from Ferguson and Barlow 2003) ............................................. 32 Figure 9. Thermocline depth (m) observed in 2006 interpolated using five methods; the ±sd of residuals are shown for both jackknife procedures (single, daily). The map on the lower right is an August-October climatology from Fiedler and Talley (2006) ............................................... 42 Figure 10. 2006 thermocline depth residuals (observed value – interpolated value, m) for interpolation by inverse distance squared and kriging, from jackknifing of observations singly and daily (by ship-day) ............................................................................................................. 42 Figure 11. Surface chlorophyll (mg m -3 ) observed in 2005 interpolated using five methods; the ±sd of residuals are shown for both jackknife procedures (single, daily) ................................... 43 Figure 12. Yearly grids of ETP thermocline depth .................................................................... 45 Figure 13. Yearly grids of CCE surface chlorophyll ................................................................. 46 Figure 14. Yearly grids of CCE sea surface temperature ........................................................... 47 Figure 15. The transect lines used to collect dolphin and oceanographic data in the California Current ecosystem are shown for 1991, 1993, 1996, and 2001 ................................................... 56 Figure 16. Densities were predicted at small, intermediate, and large resolutions and interpolated in a 5 km x 5 km grid using negative exponential distance weighting to produce the maps shown ................................................................................................................................................. 58 Figure 17. Encounter rate models built at a 60 km resolution for striped dolphin to explore the effect of extent .......................................................................................................................... 59 vii
Page 1 and 2: U N I R A P E D T T E M D S E N TA
Page 3: C O L A N IO T A N U N C I EA .S. D
Page 6 and 7: This report was prepared under cont
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbr
Page 12 and 13: Figure 18. Encounter rate models bu
Page 14 and 15: List of Tables Table 1. Summary of
Page 16 and 17: Appendix B, Table B-6. Summary of m
Page 18 and 19: Acknowledgements This project was f
Page 20 and 21: of these choices as possible and us
Page 22 and 23: Although our models include most of
Page 24 and 25: 2.0 Background The Navy and other m
Page 26 and 27: comparison is based on a separate s
Page 28 and 29: Figure 1. Transects (green lines) s
Page 30 and 31: used to evaluate the ability of sum
Page 32 and 33: 3.1.5 Mid-trophic Sampling with Net
Page 34 and 35: variable. Interpolated maps of the
Page 36 and 37: Table 2. Variogram model results. A
Page 38 and 39: “number of individuals” as the
Page 40 and 41: Encounter Rate and Group Size Model
Page 42 and 43: were built separately for each of t
Page 44 and 45: Expanding models to the entire U.S.
Page 46 and 47: Table 4. Summary of the weighted ef
Page 48 and 49: Consistent with Barlow and Forney (
Page 50 and 51: incorporation of geographic coordin
Page 52 and 53: overwhelming majority of “Bryde
Page 54 and 55: the genera Ziphius and Mesoplodon.
Page 56 and 57: Table 7. Geographically stratified
Page 58 and 59: above, and the data themselves, are
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(hereafter “summer”). SWFSC has
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avoid these problems, we decided to
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Figure 9. Thermocline depth (m) obs
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Attempts to adjust search parameter
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CAMMS 1991 PODS 1993 ORCAWALE 1996
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4.2 Modeling Framework : GLM and GA
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4.2.4 Conclusions Regardings Modeli
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Table 10 cont. Comparison of the si
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Table 11 cont. Comparison of the si
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Figure 15. The transect lines used
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A) Striped dolphin 10 km B) Short-b
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dependent. For example, the number
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Figure 19. Predicted average densit
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ecosystem, eastern spinner dolphins
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Table 13. Variables selected for mo
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Table 14. Starting and final AIC va
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Table 17. Ratios of observed to pre
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species represented in the acoustic
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0.29 (Risso’s dolphin) to 3.20 (n
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Figure 25. Sample 2005 validation p
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Table 18. (continued) 1991 1993 Nor
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Blue whales had the greatest deviat
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Table 20. Abundance (number of anim
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Table 22. Proportion of deviance ex
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Figure 27. Average density (AveDens
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Table 23. Effective degrees of free
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We attempted to build encounter rat
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5.0 Conclusion The field of predict
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6.0 Transition Plan The models of c
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needed to ensure that the SDSS rema
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Administrative Report LJ-07-02. NOA
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Forney KA, Barlow J (1993) Prelimin
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Redfern JV, Barlow J, Ballance LT,
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Appendix A: Detailed Model Results
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Table A-1 (continued) Blue whale 19
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Figure A-1a. Striped dolphin 108
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Figure A-1c. Risso’s dolphin 110
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Figure A-1e. Northern right whale d
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Figure A-1g. Sperm whale 114
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Figure A-1i. Blue whale 116
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Figure A-1k. Baird’s beaked whale
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Figure A-2. Predicted average densi
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Figure A-2b. Short-beaked common do
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Figure A-2d. Pacific white-sided do
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Figure A-2f. Dall’s porpoise 126
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Figure A-2h. Fin whale 128
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Figure A-2j. Humpback whale 130
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Figure A-2l. Small beaked whales 13
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Table B-2. Summary of model validat
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Table B-10. Summary of model valida
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Figure B-1. Predicted yearly and av
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Figure B-1. b) Eastern spinner dolp
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Figure B-1. c) Whitebelly spinner d
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Figure B-1. d) Striped dolphin 168
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Figure B-1. e) Rough-toothed dolphi
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Figure B-1. f) Short-beaked common
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Figure B-1. g) Bottlenose dolphin 1
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Figure B-1. h) Risso’s dolphin 17
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Figure B-1. i) Cuvier’s beaked wh
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Figure B-1. j) Blue whale 180
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Figure B-1. k) Bryde’s whale 182
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Figure B-1. l) Short-finned pilot w
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Figure B-1. m) Dwarf sperm whale 18
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Figure B-1. n) Mesoplodon beaked wh
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Figure B-1. o) Small beaked whales
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Figure B-2. Predicted average densi
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Figure B-2. (cont.) c) Whitebelly s
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Figure B-2. (cont.) g) Bottlenose d
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Figure B-2. (cont.) k) Bryde’s wh
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Figure B-2. (cont.) o) Small beaked
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Ferguson MC (2005) Cetacean Populat
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Barlow J, Kahru M, Mitchell BG (In
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Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-374, U.S. Dep
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