Final Technical Report: - Southwest Fisheries Science Center - NOAA

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Table 17. Ratios of observed to predicted number of sightings in the CCE. Predictions were made using models in which habitat was defined using oceanographic, net-tow, acoustic backscatter, or a combination of all data. Oceanographic data Net-tow data 70 Acoustic backscatter data Combined data Striped dolphin 2001 0.253 0.344 0.261 0.408 2005 1.366 1.209 1.345 1.152 All 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 SE 0.556 0.432 0.542 0.372 Short-beaked common dolphin 2001 1.035 0.830 0.850 1.035 2005 0.982 1.124 1.105 0.982 All 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 SE 0.027 0.147 0.127 0.027 Dall’s porpoise 2001 1.164 1.012 0.916 1.005 2005 0.759 0.972 1.255 0.988 All 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 SE 0.203 0.020 0.169 0.009 Blue Whale 2001 0.927 0.785 0.696 0.876 2005 1.057 1.233 1.433 1.107 All 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 SE 0.065 0.224 0.368 0.116 It is difficult to determine whether the net-tow indices correspond to preferred prey families because little is known about cetacean diets. The tow indices selected in the combined models for striped dolphin in the CCE and eastern spinner dolphin and Bryde’s whales in the ETP do include families found in their diets (Vilchis and Ballance 2005). However, diets for striped dolphin in the ETP and Dall’s porpoise in the CCE do not correspond to the net-tow indices selected in the combined models. An additional difficulty in relating net-tow indices to prey preferences occurs because larval fish are caught in the tows and cetaceans are expected to feed primarily on adult fish. The age of the larval fish caught in the tows conducted by the SWFSC has not been estimated. Without this estimate, it is difficult to determine how well the distribution of larval fish corresponds to the distribution of adults (e.g., the younger the larvae, the closer their distribution should correspond to that of spawning adults). Consequently, the net-tow
indices may be representative of water masses or features, such as fronts or upwelling, rather than the distribution of families of adult prey fish. 71 Figure 23. Maps of the predicted number of sightings in the CCE for models that include only oceanographic data, only net-tow data, or a combination of oceanographic, net-tow, and acoustic backscatter data. Darker colors indicate higher predicted densities. We calculated the Svmean over a 24 hour period for these analyses. Many cetacean species feed at night; however, on SWFSC surveys, cetacean distribution data are collected only during the day. Hence, an estimate of Svmean calculated over a 24 hour period was selected as an appropriate potential indicator of prey availability. However, acoustic backscatter data are collected continuously and it is possible to use the data to develop fine-scale indices of prey availability. It is possible that fine-scale indices may have a stronger relationship with cetacean distributions. Additionally, data about the
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U N I R A P E D T T E M D S E N TA
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C O L A N IO T A N U N C I EA .S. D
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This report was prepared under cont
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Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbr
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C.1 Journal Publications ..........
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Figure 18. Encounter rate models bu
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List of Tables Table 1. Summary of
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Appendix B, Table B-6. Summary of m
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Acknowledgements This project was f
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of these choices as possible and us
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Although our models include most of
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2.0 Background The Navy and other m
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comparison is based on a separate s
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Figure 1. Transects (green lines) s
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used to evaluate the ability of sum
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3.1.5 Mid-trophic Sampling with Net
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variable. Interpolated maps of the
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Table 2. Variogram model results. A
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“number of individuals” as the
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Encounter Rate and Group Size Model
Page 42 and 43: were built separately for each of t
Page 44 and 45: Expanding models to the entire U.S.
Page 46 and 47: Table 4. Summary of the weighted ef
Page 48 and 49: Consistent with Barlow and Forney (
Page 50 and 51: incorporation of geographic coordin
Page 52 and 53: overwhelming majority of “Bryde
Page 54 and 55: the genera Ziphius and Mesoplodon.
Page 56 and 57: Table 7. Geographically stratified
Page 58 and 59: above, and the data themselves, are
Page 60 and 61: (hereafter “summer”). SWFSC has
Page 62 and 63: avoid these problems, we decided to
Page 64 and 65: Figure 9. Thermocline depth (m) obs
Page 66 and 67: Attempts to adjust search parameter
Page 68 and 69: CAMMS 1991 PODS 1993 ORCAWALE 1996
Page 70 and 71: 4.2 Modeling Framework : GLM and GA
Page 72 and 73: 4.2.4 Conclusions Regardings Modeli
Page 74 and 75: Table 10 cont. Comparison of the si
Page 76 and 77: Table 11 cont. Comparison of the si
Page 78 and 79: Figure 15. The transect lines used
Page 80 and 81: A) Striped dolphin 10 km B) Short-b
Page 82 and 83: dependent. For example, the number
Page 84 and 85: Figure 19. Predicted average densit
Page 86 and 87: ecosystem, eastern spinner dolphins
Page 88 and 89: Table 13. Variables selected for mo
Page 90 and 91: Table 14. Starting and final AIC va
Page 94 and 95: species represented in the acoustic
Page 96 and 97: 0.29 (Risso’s dolphin) to 3.20 (n
Page 98 and 99: Figure 25. Sample 2005 validation p
Page 100 and 101: Table 18. (continued) 1991 1993 Nor
Page 102 and 103: Blue whales had the greatest deviat
Page 104 and 105: Table 20. Abundance (number of anim
Page 106 and 107: Table 22. Proportion of deviance ex
Page 108 and 109: Figure 27. Average density (AveDens
Page 110 and 111: Table 23. Effective degrees of free
Page 112 and 113: We attempted to build encounter rat
Page 114 and 115: 5.0 Conclusion The field of predict
Page 116 and 117: 6.0 Transition Plan The models of c
Page 118 and 119: needed to ensure that the SDSS rema
Page 120 and 121: Administrative Report LJ-07-02. NOA
Page 122 and 123: Forney KA, Barlow J (1993) Prelimin
Page 124 and 125: Redfern JV, Barlow J, Ballance LT,
Page 126 and 127: Appendix A: Detailed Model Results
Page 128 and 129: Table A-1 (continued) Blue whale 19
Page 130 and 131: Figure A-1a. Striped dolphin 108
Page 132 and 133: Figure A-1c. Risso’s dolphin 110
Page 134 and 135: Figure A-1e. Northern right whale d
Page 136 and 137: Figure A-1g. Sperm whale 114
Page 138 and 139: Figure A-1i. Blue whale 116
Page 140 and 141: Figure A-1k. Baird’s beaked whale
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Figure A-2. Predicted average densi
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Figure A-2b. Short-beaked common do
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Figure A-2d. Pacific white-sided do
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Figure A-2f. Dall’s porpoise 126
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Figure A-2h. Fin whale 128
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Figure A-2j. Humpback whale 130
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Figure A-2l. Small beaked whales 13
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Table B-2. Summary of model validat
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Table B-10. Summary of model valida
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Figure B-1. Predicted yearly and av
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Figure B-1. b) Eastern spinner dolp
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Figure B-1. c) Whitebelly spinner d
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Figure B-1. d) Striped dolphin 168
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Figure B-1. e) Rough-toothed dolphi
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Figure B-1. f) Short-beaked common
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Figure B-1. g) Bottlenose dolphin 1
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Figure B-1. h) Risso’s dolphin 17
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Figure B-1. i) Cuvier’s beaked wh
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Figure B-1. j) Blue whale 180
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Figure B-1. k) Bryde’s whale 182
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Figure B-1. l) Short-finned pilot w
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Figure B-1. m) Dwarf sperm whale 18
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Figure B-1. n) Mesoplodon beaked wh
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Figure B-1. o) Small beaked whales
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Figure B-2. Predicted average densi
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Figure B-2. (cont.) c) Whitebelly s
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Figure B-2. (cont.) g) Bottlenose d
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Figure B-2. (cont.) k) Bryde’s wh
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Figure B-2. (cont.) o) Small beaked
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Ferguson MC (2005) Cetacean Populat
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Barlow J, Kahru M, Mitchell BG (In
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Memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-374, U.S. Dep
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