Soil Survey of McHenry County, Illinois Part I - Soil Data Mart

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12 Soil Survey of counties. From 1836 until 1844, McHenry served as the county seat. In 1844, the county seat was moved to the geographic center of the county, Centerville, which was renamed Woodstock in 1845. Subsistence farming characterized settlement until just after the Civil War. With the development of refrigerated railroad cars, the shipping of milk became practical and profitable. From then until after World War II, McHenry County was a major dairy producing area. Physiography, Relief, and Drainage The county is comprised of moraines, outwash plains, stream terraces, flood plains, kames, kame terraces, eskers, lake plains, and bogs. A prominent north-south moraine, the Marengo Ridge, occurs in the western part of McHenry County in line with the towns of Harvard and Marengo. This moraine and all of the county to the east is in the Wheaton Morainal Country of the Great Lakes Section of the Central Lowland Province (Leighton and others, 1948). The remainder of the county west of the Marengo Ridge is in the Rock River Hill Country of the Till Plains Section of the Central Lowland Province. The highest elevation in the county is about 1,190 feet above sea level. It is about 4.5 miles northeast of Harvard on the West Chicago Moraine. The lowest elevation is about 730 feet at the point where the Fox River leaves the county south of Algonquin. The western part of the county is drained by the Kishwaukee River, which flows generally toward the west. Two tributaries, Piscasaw and Rush Creeks, flow southwest into the Kishwaukee River. A third tributary, Coon Creek, flows in a northwesterly direction into the river. The eastern half of McHenry County is drained by the Fox River, which flows south. Boone and Nippersink Creeks are the main tributaries of the Fox River. Several important lakes are in the eastern part of the county. The largest natural lake is Pistakee Lake. Wonder Lake is the largest manmade lake. Natural Resources Sue Ehardt, zoning enforcement officer, McHenry County Planning and Zoning Department, helped prepare this section. McHenry County is well known for its sand and gravel resources. The sand and gravel materials deposited by glacier action have proven to be a major resource in the county and are the most extensive deposits in northeastern Illinois (Masters, 1978). In 1975, McHenry County was the top producer of sand and gravel in Illinois. The county remains a major producer of this resource. Approximately two-thirds of the county is underlain by various types of gravel. In 1989, a comprehensive inventory of gravel mining operations was undertaken in an attempt to provide a complete informational document for reviewing gravel mining operations on a countywide basis. The inventory included two designations of earth extraction—”borrow pit” and “pit.” The designation of “borrow pit” was assigned to areas where activity could be visually seen but apparent use was obviously limited. These “borrow pits” were generally in areas of predominantly agricultural use, did not appear to be of sufficient size to maintain a commercial operation, and were more than likely used as a source of gravel for use on the farm itself. The second designation of “pits” was given in those instances where the size and location of the “pit” appeared to lend themselves to more of a commercial use of the gravel extraction. Based upon the information in the inventory, a task force determined that 31 active pits existed within McHenry County. Urbanization Brian P. Depies, planner, McHenry County Department of Planning and Development, helped prepare this section. In the 1830’s, land was sold in 80-acre tracts for $1.25 an acre. The cheap, available land spurred a large influx of people into McHenry County. Between 1840 and 1850, the population increased from 2,575 to 14,978, or by 481 percent. After a 47 percent increase in population from 1850 to 1860 (from 14,978 to 22,089), population growth stabilized and stayed on average at about 7 percent until the 1940’s. Among the major attractions of McHenry County were the rich agricultural soils. During the last 50 years, McHenry County has seen significant jumps in population of 20 percent or more over 10-year spans. The 1990 U.S. census reported 183,241 residents in McHenry County. This number represents a 24 percent increase in population since the 1980 U.S. census and represents the largest percent increase of any county in Illinois during this period of time. Today, about 60 percent of the county is still used for some form of agriculture. Over the last 25 years, the migration of people from urban to suburban areas has had a significant impact on land use in McHenry County. The southeastern part of the county has been more intensively developed for urban uses, while the western part has felt the pressure of residential development in the form of small hobby farms and large lot estates ranging in size from 1 to 5 acres. Although the push for development is growing
McHenry County, Illinois—Part I 13 stronger throughout the county, a balance can be struck between accommodating a broad range of human activities and preservation of the environment and natural resources. With proper siting of transportation facilities, industrial parks, and residential developments, McHenry County can maintain areas set aside for agricultural use while accommodating the residential needs in the area. Agriculture McHenry County is one of the fastest growing counties in the state in terms of population. This rapid urbanization has resulted in a tremendous change in land use in the county (fig. 1). The number of farms in McHenry County dropped from 1,136 in 1987 to 985 in 1992 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992). Since Figure 1.—Because of significant increases in population over the past two decades, land use in McHenry County has been shifting from agricultural to urban.
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144 Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys t
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146 Soil Survey of expressed in ter
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148 Soil Survey of inclined surface
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150 Soil Survey of Lacustrine depos
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152 Soil Survey of The chemical red
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154 its equivalent in uncultivated
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156 Soil Survey of Table 1.--Temper
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158 Soil Survey of Table 4.--Classi
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160 Soil Survey of Table 5.--Acreag
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162 Table 5.--Acreage and Proportio
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How To Use This Soil Survey This su
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Contents How To Use This Soil Surve
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Agronomy General management needed
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McHenry County, Illinois—Part II
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Forestland Paul M. Deizman, distric
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Recreation McHenry County offers a
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186 Soil Survey of and are most lik
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Engineering This section provides i
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Soil Properties Data relating to so
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202 Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys t
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204 Soil Survey of expressed in ter
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206 Soil Survey of inclined surface
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208 Soil Survey of Lacustrine depos
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210 Soil Survey of The chemical red
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212 its equivalent in uncultivated
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214 Soil Survey of Table 1.--Temper
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216 Soil Survey of Table 4.--Classi
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222 Soil Survey of Table 6.--Main C
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230 Soil Survey of Table 7.--Land C
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238 Soil Survey of Table 8.--Main P
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242 Soil Survey of Table 9.--Prime
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264 Soil Survey of Table 11.--Fores
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276 Soil Survey of Table 12.--Recre
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288 Soil Survey of Table 13.--Wildl
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296 Soil Survey of Table 14.--Build
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310 Soil Survey of Table 15.--Sanit
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322 Soil Survey of Table 16.--Const
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Table 17.--Water Management (Some t
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Table 18.--Engineering Index Proper
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400 Soil Survey of Table 20.--Water
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408 Soil Survey of Table 21.--Soil
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Printing Soil Survey Maps The soil
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Soil Survey of McHenry County, Illinois Part I - Soil Data Mart

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