Cattle 1853 - Lewis Family Farm

THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 203
turns the head and neck ; or, the shoulder still being the fixed point,
and both acting, the head is depressed. This muscle is large in the
ox. It is united with the rhomboideus longus (the long rhomboidshaped
muscle), and evidently contributes materially to the forma-
tion of those sub-cutaneous muscular fibres, -which are substituted
forthe proper sub-cutaneous muscle of the neck. Inferiorly it is divided
into three branches'—the one, thin and inferior, goes to the
anterior extremity of the. sternum ; the second, at the inferior part of
the arm, furnishes a tendon, which is inserted with that 1
of the pectoralis
transversus (the transverse muscle of the chest) into the humerus
; while the superior division giv.es a strong tendinous expansion,
which spreads over, and loses itself upon the outer face of the
humerus.
5. The subrscapulo-hyoidus, (belonging to the substance underneath
the shoulder, and to the hyoid bone,) from the shoulder-blade
to the body of the hyoid bone, to draw backward that bone.
6. The sterno-maxllaris, (belonging to the sternum and- the lower
jaw,) from the cartilage in front of the chest to the angle of the
lower jaw. It is attached to the lower jaw by means of a bifurcated
tendon. The posterior branch is inserted into the masseter
muscle, on which it acts as a kind of bridle in the usual process of
mastication, and more particularly as tending to limit the lateral
and grinding motion of that muscle. The other goes on and attaches
itself to the buccinator muscle, immediately to be described. Thus
they act quite as much as muscles of mastication, as they are concerned
in the bending of the head, and perhaps more so. The whole
muscle may act on the head—the separate portions of it on the
function of mastication.
7. The steino-hyoidus, from the sternum to the hyoid bone, and to
the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, in order to draw the bone and
the cartilage downward and backward.
8. The masseter, (masticating muscle) covers the greater part of
the side of the superior maxillary bone, and is inserted into the roughened
surface of the. angle of the lower jaw bone.
9. The buccinator (the muscle by which the human being blows
the trumpet) extends from the alveolar borders of the upper and
under grinders, over the cheeks, and the membrane of the mouth,
and -to the angle of the mouth. It tightens the membrane of the
mouth, and thus principally assists in the disposal of the food in the
mouth, and also in retracting the angle of the mouth.
10. A branch of the os hyoides.
11. The stylo-maxillaris, from the styloid process of the occipital
bone to the angle of the lower jaw, to draw it backward, and to open it.
12. That portion of the stylo-maxillaris, which is called the digas-
tric, is seen here,
13. The little flat muscle, the stylo-hyoideus, is bere represented
;