Cattle 1853 - Lewis Family Farm

290 CATTLE.
stomach, and also to the rumen, by a prolongation of mesentery
and its little curvature is continuous with that of the reticulum."
Figs. 1 and 2 represent the two layers of muscles, as before.
/, The ahomasum, or fourth stomach, is elongated, and of a conelike
form, yet somewhat bent into an arch, situated obliquely to the
right of and behind the manyplus, and between the diaphragm and
the right sac of the rumen. It has two free or unattached faces, one
against the diaphragm and the other against the right sac of the
rumen—two curvatures, the inferior and larger convex, and giving
attachment along its inner border to a portion of mesentery, which
extends to the inferior scissures of the rumen ; and the superior or
smaller, receiving the portions of mesentery which go from the reticulum
to the superior scissures of the rumen. It is also said to have
two extremities, the one anterior, which is the larger, and placed
inferiorly, adhering to the smaller curvature of the manyplus, and
constituting the base, or great extremity of the abomasum ; and the
posterior and superior, which is, narrow, elongated, curved above and
backward on the superior face of the right sac of the rumen, and
called the smaller or pyloric extremity.
A dissection of the muscular coat is given here, as in the other
stomachs.
g represents the commencement of the duodenum, or first intestine.
The reader is now prepared for the consideration of the interior of
these stomachs.
a. The oesophagus, as before, enlarging, and assuming a funnellike
shape as it approaches the stomachs.
6. The asophagus, cut open at the commencement of the oesophageal!
canal, in order to show its communication with the first and
second stomachs.
c. The rumen, laid open and divided into its different compartments
by scissures, more or less deep, and which on the internal
surface appear as indentations, or duplicatures of the coats of the
stomach. They are recognized under the name of the double-tripe
when prepared for the table. The rumen is divided into two large
sacs, seen in the cut of the external form of the stomachs (p. 285,)
and the walls that separate them are thick, and perpendicular to
the surface of the stomach, so as to form a very considerable separa-
tion between the compartments of the stomach. These again are
subdivided by transversal bands, which form smaller compartments.
Two, belonging to the posterior portion of the stomach, are given in
this cut. There are similar divisions in the anterior-sac, but which
are here concealed by one of the folds of the stomach.
The whole of the rumen is covered by a cuticular membrane, con-
stituting the third or inner coat. Immediately under this, and arising
fronj the interposed tissue between the muscular and cuticular coats,
there are innumerable small prominences or papillae. They are of
;