New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

Control Procedures
Dendrolimus punctatus
Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura is a major egg parasitoid of D.
punctatus (Lung, 1957). The large scale propagation and release of T.
dendrolimi has been responsible for 80 to 85% parasitism levels and resulted in
effective suppression of Dendrolimus populations in China (Wu et al., 1988).
Anastatus spp. are regarded as another good biological agent for controlling
the MPC (Chen and Lee, 1985). Anastatus albitarsis Ashmead released at
45,000 wasps/ha has led to levels as high as 68% parasitism of the first
generation of MPC (Tong and Ni, 1989).
By additional supplementation with eggs from an alternative host, the saturniid
moth Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville), researchers increased T.
dendrolimi populations and the parasitism rates on MPC (Tong et al., 1988).
When silkworm eggs were supplemented 3 times per month throughout the
year, the population density of the parasitoid was 1.4 times higher than when
egg supplements were made twice monthly before the appearance of MPC
eggs. Different methods of supplementing host eggs are suggested for forests
of different ecological characteristics. More frequent supplements of host eggs
are needed for forests with less vegetation cover (see Tong et al., 1988).
Dendrolimus sibiricus
Egg parasitoids found attacking SSM include Telenomus gracilis Mayr, T.
tetratomus, Trichogramma dendrolimi and Ooencyrtus pinicolus (Matsumura).
Reported egg parasitism of SSM under natural conditions has been as high as
97% (EPPO, 2005; Nikiforov, 1970; Yu, 1982).
Dendrolimus superans
In China, the use of Trichogramma dendrolimi to control SSM has been
effective with reported egg parasitism levels as high as 97%, and with levels of
parasitism as high as 76% with the release of only 550 wasps per ha (Yu,
1982). Enu (1982), discussed Trichogramma releases against D. superans and
found timing Trichogramma releases to be extremely important in success. The
emergence period of the wasps must coincide with the oviposition period of the
moths. The quality of the parasites released and the times of release are
decided on the basis of host population levels. The two species under
consideration are T. semblidis (Aurivillius) and T. dendrolimi. The latter is
commercially produced in Germany as given in Appendix B: Resources. There
is a third Trichogramma parasite (Kolomiec, 1962), but not much is known
about its biology. Unfortunately, other parasites have not been developed for
mass production and release and it may be necessary to test some of the larval
and pupal parasites listed above in order to determine what impact they could
have on pest population suppression.
12/2012-01 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 6-9