New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

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Control Procedures Dendrolimus punctatus Microorganism-based control methods against the MPC have been successful when achieved using multiple agents including cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of D. spectabilis from Japan (Chang, 1991), and an insect parasitic fungus (Isaria sp.) isolated from infected bodies of pine caterpillar collected in local pine forests (Ying, 1986b) and the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana (Lu et al., 2008). Microbial pesticides made from B. bassiana are commonly used to suppress high larval populations of D. punctatus in China (Pan et al., 1983). Metarhizium anisopliae has similar toxicity against MPC and may be superior to B. bassiana in certain environmental conditions (Jiang, 2000). Other methods of control include Bt and a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (Chen et al., 1997; Hou, 1986; Zhao et al., 2000). Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) powder applied at a rate between 3.0 and 7.5 billion polyhedra/ha provided an average 63% population reduction of third to fifth instar larvae (Fan and Jiang, 1983). Peng et al. (Peng et al., 1998) reported that Trichogramma dendrolimi carrying D. punctatus CPV can significantly increase the control efficacy (CABI, 2011b). Dendrolimus sibiricus A variety of microorganisms can be used against SSM including Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, B. dendrolimus, B. thuringiensis subsp. dendrolimus (sotto) (Bacteria), B. bassiana (fungi) and DsCPV and DsNPV (cytoplasmic and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses) (EPPO, 2005 Koyama, 1961; Shternshis, 2005). Preparations of Bt subspecies provided the basis for the formulation of several commercial products used for the control of forest pests in Russia (Shternshis, 2005; Talalaev, 1959, 1962). Dendrolimus superans A specific cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from D. spectabilis was described in 1956 and has shown strong virulence for that species as well as D. superans (Koyama, 1961. As with other species of Dendrolimus considered here, there is a high degree of cross-specific activity for CPVs as at least 6 isolates have been found (Chkhubianishvili Ts and Katagiri, 1983; Zhao et al., 2004a). 6-14 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 12/2012-01
Control Procedures Integrated Pest Management Integrated pest management approaches to manage and control established populations of pine-tree lappet have been suggested and described by Sierpinksa (Sierpinska, 1998). The goal of these programs is to establish a healthy forest ecosystem that will promote the existence of natural populations of insect parasitoids and predators, entomopathogenic microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and viruses), insectivorous birds and bat populations. Creating the environmental conditions that favor the existence of these biological control agents will greatly help in controlling pine-tree lappet populations and minimize the use of pesticides. An IPM program for Dendrolimus moths may include combinations of frequent monitoring (suggested at five to seven times/ year in high risk areas), establishment of surveys to monitor economic thresholds, limiting impacts from human activities, use of light traps to reduce moth populations, and applying biological pesticides to reduce larval population levels (Chen, 1990). When possible, different pine species or mixed tree species are recommended in forestry programs. For example, short-term approaches in Vietnam focused on biological control, including mass production and application of microbial agents and parasitic insects. Recommended long-term strategies have included establishing mixed stands of different pine species or pines and broad-leaved trees, or to replace pines with non-host species in high-hazard areas, increases in fire prevention, and enhanced training of protection personnel in all phases of integrated pest management (Billings, 1991). Summary The most effective control program for suppression of Dendrolimus moths will likely incorporate the use of chemical and biological control measures in an integrated pest management approach. If an established population is found in a coniferous forest production area, a science advisory panel will be asked to determine the best course of action. If eradication is not possible, as determined by the science advisory panel, it will be the responsibility of University extension services to determine the best management practices. 12/2012-01 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 6-15
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United States Department of Agricul
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Contents Con
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Figures Figu
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Figure 4-3 Forest stand with glue b
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Tables Table
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Authors Revi
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Chapter 1 Introduction Contents Int
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Agricultural interests in other cou
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Authorities 4. Survey Procedures on
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! DANGER DANGEROUS indicates that p
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Cross-references to headings and ti
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Chapter 2 Contents Introduction Cla
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Table 2-1 Classification of Dendrol
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Ecological Range Pest Information D
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Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
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Pest Information Dendrolimus supera
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Potential Distribution Pest Informa
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Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
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Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
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Life Cycle Pest Information Dendrol
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Pest Information Larva After 16-25
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Pest Information Pupa Larvae spin h
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Dendrolimus superans Pest Informati
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Pest Information Egg Optimum temper
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Pest Information Egg Development no
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Pest Information Pupa Siberian silk
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Table 2-6 Daily Consumption (in g)
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Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
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Damage Pest Information The main da
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outbreaks of Dendrolimus spp. can m
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Chapter 3 Identification Contents I
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Identification Males are smaller an
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Page 81 and 82: Identification Figure 3-14 Larva of
Page 83 and 84: Identification Molecular tools have
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Page 87 and 88: Survey Procedures 5. Clearly mark t
Page 89 and 90: Monitoring Survey Survey Procedures
Page 91 and 92: Survey Procedures What To Look For
Page 93 and 94: Survey Procedures Figure 4-3 Forest
Page 95 and 96: Survey Procedures Dendrolimus punct
Page 97 and 98: Light Traps Survey Procedures Figur
Page 99 and 100: Survey Procedures Type of property
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 5 Contents Introduction Reg
Page 103 and 104: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 105 and 106: Regulatory Procedures Establishing
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 6 Contents Introduction Con
Page 109 and 110: Cultural Control Pest population is
Page 111 and 112: Chemical Control Control Procedures
Page 113 and 114: Control Procedures Insect Growth Re
Page 115 and 116: Control Procedures Dendrolimus punc
Page 117 and 118: Control Procedures Dendrolimus sibi
Page 119: Control Procedures Dendrolimus pini
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 7 Environmental Compliance
Page 125 and 126: Environmental Compliance Categorica
Page 127 and 128: Environmental Compliance Environmen
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 8 Pathways Contents Introdu
Page 131 and 132: Destinations Pathways When an actio
Page 133 and 134: Pathways Contaminated vehicles and
Page 135 and 136: Dendrolimus Pine Moths References U
Page 137 and 138: References Boldaruev, V. O. 1959. D
Page 139 and 140: References Dobrowolski, M. 2002. Ef
Page 141 and 142: References Gould, P., I. Wolwood, J
Page 143 and 144: outbreaks in eastern Siberia. Inter
Page 145 and 146: References Le-Cerf, F. 1932. Lepido
Page 147 and 148: References Malyshev, D. 1988. Durat
Page 149 and 150: References Endromidae, Saturnidae,
Page 151 and 152: References Shvidenko, A., S. Nilsso
Page 153 and 154: References Wang, C., J. Wu, and G.
Page 155 and 156: References Zhao, T. H., C. J. Chen,
Page 157 and 158: Appendix A Resources Use Appendix A
Page 159 and 160: Appendix B Forms index. Contents Us
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Page 163 and 164: Table B-1 Instructions for Completi
Page 165 and 166: PPQ 523 Emergency Action Notificati
Page 167 and 168: Appendix C How Contents to Submit I
Page 169 and 170: How to Submit Insect Specimens An a
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Appendix D Taxonomic Contents Backg
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys pleas
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USDA, APHIS, PPQ 105 Buckhout Lab P
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Data Entry Taxonomic Support for Su
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Appendix E Images Figure E-1 Field
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Images Figure E-3 Dendrolimus pini
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Appendix F Biological Control Table
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Sarcophaga tuberosa Pandellé Sarco
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Aphanistes bigutattus Grav Melis, 1
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Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) Chaffinc
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Nabis kurilensis Matsumura Coleopte
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Delomerista mandibularis Gravenhors
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Theronia atalantae Poda Theronia ja
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Dendrolimus sibiricus Cytoplasmic P
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Biological Control Table F-3 Report
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