New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

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Pathways Geographical Distribution Dendrolimus pini Currently found across Europe, Asia, and North Africa, Pine-tree lappet has a natural range that matches its primary host, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Both temperate coniferous and mixed (coniferous and deciduous) forests are considered to be at risk for spread of PTL, within the United States. These forests make up a considerable portion (47%) of the U.S. forest, including the southern Appalachian mountain range, the Northeast, Midwest (Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, North Dakota), the northwest regions of the United States and Alaska (Davis et al., 2008) (Refer to Potential Distribution on page 2-11 and Figure 2-1 on page 2-9). Dendrolimus punctatus The Masson pine caterpillar occurs across southeastern Asia, including eastern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam (Billings, 1991; Chang, 1991; Matsumura, 1926a). The northern limit is approximately 33 degrees latitude (Ya-Jie et al., 2005), with a western limit in China of Sichuan province (CABI, 2011b). Dendrolimus sibiricus At present, SSM is expanding its habitat, now occupying coniferous forest of the Russian Plain (Gninenko, 2000) including China, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, and Russia (EPPO, 2005; Molet, 2012; Orlinskii, 2000). In connection with global processes of climate change, there is a risk of the expansion of this pest into northern and north-eastern regions of Siberia, including coniferous forests of Kamchatka and the Magadan region where it will be very difficult to control (CABI, 2011a). The pattern of movement of this pest into forests of Eastern Europe is occurring naturally. The transportation of forest products, especially of round wood, has little influence on the rate of spread of SSM to new regions (CABI, 2011a). Dendrolimus superans The present worldwide distribution of SaSM is restricted to Japan (Hokkaido and Northern Honshu) (EPPO, 2005; Fukuyama, 1980; Maeto, 1991) and far eastern Russia, including the Sakhalin and Kurile Islands (Fukuyama, 1980) (Figure 2-1 on page 2-9). 8-2 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 12/2012-01
Destinations Pathways When an actionable pest is intercepted, officers ask for the intended final destination of the conveyance. Materials infested with Lasiocampidae were destined for 8 states. The most commonly reported destinations were Florida and California (25% each), Texas (10%), and New York (10%) (USDA- AQAS, 2007). Some portion of each of state identified as the intended final destination has a climate and hosts that would be suitable for establishment by these moths (Davis et al., 2005) Establishment and Spread In its native range, these insects damage more than 20 species of trees in several genera including Pinus, Abies, Larix, Picea and Tsuga. These host genera are also widely distributed in North America, but there is uncertainty about the ability to utilize congeneric hosts. Dendrolimus moths are found across a wide climatic range and are considered the most important pest of coniferous forests in Russia (from the center of European Russia to the Far East), Kazakhstan, Northern China, Korea and Northern Mongolia. Both males and females fly and can disperse over long distances either on their own or assisted by air currents. Larvae are also subject to wind dispersal. In Russia this insect is presently extending its range westward at the rate of between 12 and 50 km per year. All Dendrolimus spp. have a high reproductive potential. Females lay an average of 200-300 eggs. Conifer forests have more or less continuous distributions in North America, especially in the boreal forests of Canada and the Western and Northeastern forests of the United States. Populations could go undetected, especially in remote areas and eradication techniques would be logistically difficult and probably ineffective. This insect has a broad host range and could adapt to many North American conifers. (Orlinskii, 2000). Natural Spread Natural introductions of pine tree lappet due to wind, flight and/or other natural causes to the continental United States are very unlikely. Unlike females, males are strong fliers and have been reported to fly from continental Europe to the Southern coast of the United Kingdom (Moore, 2009). A transoceanic flight from Europe to the United States is, however, very unlikely 12/2012-01 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 8-3
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United States Department of Agricul
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Contents Con
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Figures Figu
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Figure 4-3 Forest stand with glue b
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Tables Table
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Authors Revi
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Chapter 1 Introduction Contents Int
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Agricultural interests in other cou
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Authorities 4. Survey Procedures on
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! DANGER DANGEROUS indicates that p
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Cross-references to headings and ti
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Chapter 2 Contents Introduction Cla
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Table 2-1 Classification of Dendrol
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Ecological Range Pest Information D
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Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
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Pest Information Dendrolimus supera
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Potential Distribution Pest Informa
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Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
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Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
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Life Cycle Pest Information Dendrol
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Pest Information Larva After 16-25
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Pest Information Pupa Larvae spin h
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Dendrolimus superans Pest Informati
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Pest Information Egg Optimum temper
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Pest Information Egg Development no
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Pest Information Pupa Siberian silk
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Table 2-6 Daily Consumption (in g)
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Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
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Damage Pest Information The main da
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outbreaks of Dendrolimus spp. can m
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Chapter 3 Identification Contents I
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Identification Males are smaller an
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Figure 3-4 Pine-tree lappet larva.
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Identification Eggs The eggs are fo
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Identification Pupae Male pupae are
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Identification Figure 3-9 Adult Sib
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Identification Pupae The pupae of S
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Page 83 and 84: Identification Molecular tools have
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Page 89 and 90: Monitoring Survey Survey Procedures
Page 91 and 92: Survey Procedures What To Look For
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Page 95 and 96: Survey Procedures Dendrolimus punct
Page 97 and 98: Light Traps Survey Procedures Figur
Page 99 and 100: Survey Procedures Type of property
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 5 Contents Introduction Reg
Page 103 and 104: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 105 and 106: Regulatory Procedures Establishing
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 6 Contents Introduction Con
Page 109 and 110: Cultural Control Pest population is
Page 111 and 112: Chemical Control Control Procedures
Page 113 and 114: Control Procedures Insect Growth Re
Page 115 and 116: Control Procedures Dendrolimus punc
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Page 119 and 120: Control Procedures Dendrolimus pini
Page 121 and 122: Control Procedures Integrated Pest
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 7 Environmental Compliance
Page 125 and 126: Environmental Compliance Categorica
Page 127 and 128: Environmental Compliance Environmen
Page 129: Chapter 8 Pathways Contents Introdu
Page 133 and 134: Pathways Contaminated vehicles and
Page 135 and 136: Dendrolimus Pine Moths References U
Page 137 and 138: References Boldaruev, V. O. 1959. D
Page 139 and 140: References Dobrowolski, M. 2002. Ef
Page 141 and 142: References Gould, P., I. Wolwood, J
Page 143 and 144: outbreaks in eastern Siberia. Inter
Page 145 and 146: References Le-Cerf, F. 1932. Lepido
Page 147 and 148: References Malyshev, D. 1988. Durat
Page 149 and 150: References Endromidae, Saturnidae,
Page 151 and 152: References Shvidenko, A., S. Nilsso
Page 153 and 154: References Wang, C., J. Wu, and G.
Page 155 and 156: References Zhao, T. H., C. J. Chen,
Page 157 and 158: Appendix A Resources Use Appendix A
Page 159 and 160: Appendix B Forms index. Contents Us
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Page 163 and 164: Table B-1 Instructions for Completi
Page 165 and 166: PPQ 523 Emergency Action Notificati
Page 167 and 168: Appendix C How Contents to Submit I
Page 169 and 170: How to Submit Insect Specimens An a
Page 171 and 172: Appendix D Taxonomic Contents Backg
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Page 175 and 176: USDA, APHIS, PPQ 105 Buckhout Lab P
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Page 179 and 180: Appendix E Images Figure E-1 Field
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Images Figure E-3 Dendrolimus pini
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Appendix F Biological Control Table
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Sarcophaga tuberosa Pandellé Sarco
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Aphanistes bigutattus Grav Melis, 1
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Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) Chaffinc
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Nabis kurilensis Matsumura Coleopte
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Delomerista mandibularis Gravenhors
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Theronia atalantae Poda Theronia ja
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Dendrolimus sibiricus Cytoplasmic P
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Biological Control Table F-3 Report
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