New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

Life Cycle
Pest Information
Dendrolimus sibiricus
The preferred hosts for the SSM are Abies sibirica, Abies nephrolepsi, Pinus
sibirica, Pinus koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, Larix sibirica, Picea ajanensis and
Picea obovata (Table 2-3 on page 2-7). Because of its current westward
migration trend and the potential to establish in Europe (Gninenko and
Orlinskii, 2002), the development of the SSM was tested on several species of
European Pinaceae not found in the pest native range in Asia (Kirichenko et
al., 2006; Kirichenko et al., 2009b). In all species tested, the SSM had the best
survival and growth rate when fed Larch (Larix decidua). Compared to Larch,
survival on Pinus nigra and Pinus silvestris (Scots pine) was very poor (9 and
30% respectively) and development did not occur in Cupressaceae species
(Kirichenko et al., 2009b). The development on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga
menziesii) was comparable to that of Larch. Douglas-fir is a species of
economic importance in the United States and was intentionally introduced to
Europe where it is an economically important non-indigenous forest species
(Kirichenko et al., 2006). Other economically important species tested and
found in the United States include the Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), Eastern
white pine (Pinus strobus), Grand fir (Abies grandis), Sitka spruce (Picea
sitchensis) and the Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canandiensis) (Table 2-3 on page
2-7) (Kirichenko et al., 2009b). The potential of the SSM to develop in
Pinaceae species not found in their natural ecological range is high and
therefore, a large number of species in the United States can potentially be
secondary host species (Table 2-3 on page 2-7).
Dendrolimus superans
The preferred hosts for the SaSM are Abies sachalinensis, Larix kamtschatica,
L. dahurica, Picea jezoensis (= P. ajanensis), P. glehni, and Tsuga sieboldii
(Matsumura, 1926a). It is known to rarely eat the following: Pinus funebris, P.
taeda, P. koraiensis, P. pumila, P. strobus, and P. sylvestris (Table 2-3 on page
2-7). There is little experimental or observational data on the diet breadth of
the SaSM outside of the known geographic range for this moth.
The Dendrolimus moths are generally heterovoltine, completing their life
cycles within one to five years with some populations consisting of individuals
of one or multiple year-cycles living together (Baranchikov and Kirichenko,
2002; Rozhkov, 1963). Factors affecting the duration of a complete life cycle
include the population and host density, climatological conditions
(temperature, humidity and precipitation) and the density and type of natural
enemies (Malyshev, 1987; Malyshev, 1988).
12/2012-01 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 2-17