New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

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Pest Information Figure 2-4 Life cycle of Dendrolimus punctatus illustrating the observed presence and timing of different stages throughout the typical calendar year. Illustration legend follows Figure 2-3, except overwintering period is indicated completely across the calendar in this figure instead of abbreviated. Lighter lines indicate successive generations, indicating the possibility that overlapping generations might be present in the same population. Egg The development time within the eggs stage varies depending on the area and generation. CABI, (2011b) reports: [i]n Hunan, the first generation requires 11 days, the second and third generations require 7 days; in Guangxi, the first generation needs 8 days, the second and third generations require 6 days. Newly hatched larvae may feed on the eggshells. Hatching mostly occurs in the early morning (Hou, 1987). Larva Hatched larvae can disperse via wind using silk threads, while first and second instar larvae will use the silk threads to suspend in the air when disturbed (CABI, 2011b). Normal development includes six instars. Diapuase can be induced by photoperiod responses during the first 14 days of the larval period, with a critical night length of 10h and 40min at 25-31°C Huang et al., 2005. Nutritional quality has also been implicated as an influence on larval development operating through diapause induction, with increases in the total amount of damage to host pine tree serving to increase the incidence of diapause (Huang et al., 2008). These increases in night length or damage to the plant would have the effect of increasing overall development time in the larval life stage. It has been suggested that serious damage to the host pine trees in the first and second generations of a growing season would tend to decrease the population of the subsequent generations via the diapause mechanisms (Huang et al., 2008). 2-20 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 12/2012-01
Pest Information Pupa Larvae spin hairy cocoons attached to needles and small branches (CABI, 2011b). Dendrolimus sibiricus Adults In the northernmost latitudes of Russia, adults SSM start emerging from mid to late June and sometimes until the beginning of August (Galkin, 1993). In the southernmost range in China, adults emerge from July to the end of August with peak emergence in mid August (Liu and Shih, 1957 ). A few hours after emergence, adult moths will fly and mate. Flight is more intense during clear nights and can last up to 4 hours. Flight activity is suppressed during rainy days, during which the moths will remain on the tree crowns hanging from the underside of branches (Galkin, 1993; Liu and Shih, 1957). Galkin (1993) reports that flight duration is shorter in the northernmost limits of the SSM natural range as a possible adaptation of the moths to shorter growing seasons. Mating takes place as soon as 2 to 3 hours after emergence with females normally mating once with a single male (Liu and Shih, 1957). Mated females will start laying fertilized eggs the same night they mate, usually in rows or clusters with up to 200 eggs per cluster or egg mass. A single female can lay from 200-300 eggs with a maximum of 800 eggs (EPPO, 2005). 12/2012-01 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 2-21
Page 1 and 2: United States Department of Agricul
Page 3 and 4: Dendrolimus Pine Moths Contents Con
Page 5 and 6: Dendrolimus Pine Moths Figures Figu
Page 7 and 8: Figure 4-3 Forest stand with glue b
Page 9 and 10: Dendrolimus Pine Moths Tables Table
Page 11 and 12: Dendrolimus Pine Moths Authors Revi
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 Introduction Contents Int
Page 15 and 16: Agricultural interests in other cou
Page 17 and 18: Authorities 4. Survey Procedures on
Page 19 and 20: ! DANGER DANGEROUS indicates that p
Page 21 and 22: Cross-references to headings and ti
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 Contents Introduction Cla
Page 25 and 26: Table 2-1 Classification of Dendrol
Page 27 and 28: Ecological Range Pest Information D
Page 29 and 30: Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
Page 31 and 32: Pest Information Dendrolimus supera
Page 33 and 34: Potential Distribution Pest Informa
Page 35 and 36: Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
Page 37 and 38: Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
Page 39 and 40: Life Cycle Pest Information Dendrol
Page 41: Pest Information Larva After 16-25
Page 45 and 46: Dendrolimus superans Pest Informati
Page 47 and 48: Pest Information Egg Optimum temper
Page 49 and 50: Pest Information Egg Development no
Page 51 and 52: Pest Information Pupa Siberian silk
Page 53 and 54: Table 2-6 Daily Consumption (in g)
Page 57 and 58: Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
Page 59 and 60: Damage Pest Information The main da
Page 61 and 62: outbreaks of Dendrolimus spp. can m
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 3 Identification Contents I
Page 67 and 68: Identification Males are smaller an
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3-4 Pine-tree lappet larva.
Page 71 and 72: Identification Eggs The eggs are fo
Page 73 and 74: Identification Pupae Male pupae are
Page 75 and 76: Identification Figure 3-9 Adult Sib
Page 77 and 78: Identification Pupae The pupae of S
Page 79 and 80: Identification Similar Species In t
Page 81 and 82: Identification Figure 3-14 Larva of
Page 83 and 84: Identification Molecular tools have
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 4 Contents Introduction Sur
Page 87 and 88: Survey Procedures 5. Clearly mark t
Page 89 and 90: Monitoring Survey Survey Procedures
Page 91 and 92: Survey Procedures What To Look For
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Survey Procedures Figure 4-3 Forest
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Survey Procedures Dendrolimus punct
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Light Traps Survey Procedures Figur
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Survey Procedures Type of property
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Chapter 5 Contents Introduction Reg
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Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
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Regulatory Procedures Establishing
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Chapter 6 Contents Introduction Con
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Cultural Control Pest population is
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Chemical Control Control Procedures
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Control Procedures Insect Growth Re
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus punc
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus sibi
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus pini
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Control Procedures Integrated Pest
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Chapter 7 Environmental Compliance
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Environmental Compliance Categorica
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Environmental Compliance Environmen
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Chapter 8 Pathways Contents Introdu
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Destinations Pathways When an actio
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Pathways Contaminated vehicles and
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths References U
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References Boldaruev, V. O. 1959. D
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References Dobrowolski, M. 2002. Ef
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References Gould, P., I. Wolwood, J
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outbreaks in eastern Siberia. Inter
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References Le-Cerf, F. 1932. Lepido
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References Malyshev, D. 1988. Durat
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References Endromidae, Saturnidae,
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References Shvidenko, A., S. Nilsso
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References Wang, C., J. Wu, and G.
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References Zhao, T. H., C. J. Chen,
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Appendix A Resources Use Appendix A
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Appendix B Forms index. Contents Us
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OMB Information According to the Pa
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Table B-1 Instructions for Completi
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PPQ 523 Emergency Action Notificati
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Appendix C How Contents to Submit I
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How to Submit Insect Specimens An a
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Appendix D Taxonomic Contents Backg
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys pleas
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USDA, APHIS, PPQ 105 Buckhout Lab P
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Data Entry Taxonomic Support for Su
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Appendix E Images Figure E-1 Field
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Images Figure E-3 Dendrolimus pini
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Appendix F Biological Control Table
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Sarcophaga tuberosa Pandellé Sarco
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Aphanistes bigutattus Grav Melis, 1
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Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) Chaffinc
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Nabis kurilensis Matsumura Coleopte
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Delomerista mandibularis Gravenhors
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Theronia atalantae Poda Theronia ja
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Dendrolimus sibiricus Cytoplasmic P
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Biological Control Table F-3 Report
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