New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

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Pest Information percentage (7%) suffered permanent damage including ankyloses of finger joints or deformed auricles (Diaz, 2005). Sunlight intensity and therefore, soil temperature increase at the forest floor promoting the growth of plant species commonly found at high densities at the forest edges in unaffected forests. Averensky (2010) summarized this effect between intact and silk moth affected larch forest (Table 2-7 on page 2-42). Table 2-7 Change in growth conditions in silk moth affected Larix forests 1 Larix forest Light intensity, thousand luxe Ground thawing depth (cm) Surface air temperature, ºC Soil temperature ºC Depth (cm) 5 10 20 30 40 50 80 Intact 11.8±8.5 60-80 24.3 13.7 10.2 6.9 4.9 3.9 3 0.6 Silk moth affected 26.8±4.2 110 24.6 16.3 13.1 9.2 7.5 6.4 5.0 0.7 1 From Averensky et al., 2010. The increase in temperature on the forest floor can also represent a threat to permafrost taiga landscapes as it leads to the development of thermokarst (irregular surfaces that form lakes) as higher soil temperatures thaw the permafrost, thereby increasing the soil water content (Averensky et al., 2010). Methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, stored in the permafrost is released into the atmosphere leading to an increase in greenhouse gases and potentially contributing to global climate change (Anisimov, 2007; Zhuang et al., 2009 ). The massive amounts of frass produced during an outbreak directly affect soil fertility and increase the levels of microorganisms such as ammonifying phototrophs and microorganisms involved in humus mineralization. Frass also increases the leaching of water soluble carbon (Krasnoshchekov and Bezkorovainaya, 2008; Krasnoshchekov and Vishnyakova, 2003 ). There are no known US distributions of hosts for Dendrolimus moths listed on the Federally Registered Threatened and Endangered Species lists. 2-42 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 12/2012-01
Chapter 3 Identification Contents Introduction Authorities Introduction 3-1 Authorities 3-1 Reporting 3-2 Description 3-2 Similar Species 3-15 Molecular Identification 3-18 Use Chapter 3 Identification as a guide to recognizing the following Dendrolimus moths: Pine-tree lappet, Dendrolimus pini (L.) Pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus punctatus Walker Siberian silk moth, Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov Sakhalin silk moth, Dendrolimus superans (Butler) Accurate identification of the pest is pivotal to assessing its potential risk, developing a survey strategy, and determining the level and manner of control. Qualified State, County, or cooperating University, personnel may perform preliminary identification and screening of suspect Dendrolimus moths. Before survey and control activities are initiated in the United States, an authority recognized by USDA–APHIS–PPQ-National Identification Services must confirm the identity of such pests. Submit specimens to the USDA-National Identification Services (NIS). 12/2012-01 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 3-1
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United States Department of Agricul
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Contents Con
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Figures Figu
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Figure 4-3 Forest stand with glue b
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Tables Table
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Authors Revi
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Page 15 and 16: Agricultural interests in other cou
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Page 25 and 26: Table 2-1 Classification of Dendrol
Page 27 and 28: Ecological Range Pest Information D
Page 29 and 30: Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
Page 31 and 32: Pest Information Dendrolimus supera
Page 33 and 34: Potential Distribution Pest Informa
Page 35 and 36: Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
Page 37 and 38: Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
Page 39 and 40: Life Cycle Pest Information Dendrol
Page 41 and 42: Pest Information Larva After 16-25
Page 43 and 44: Pest Information Pupa Larvae spin h
Page 45 and 46: Dendrolimus superans Pest Informati
Page 47 and 48: Pest Information Egg Optimum temper
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Page 51 and 52: Pest Information Pupa Siberian silk
Page 53 and 54: Table 2-6 Daily Consumption (in g)
Page 55 and 56: Pest Information Dendrolimus supera
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Page 61 and 62: outbreaks of Dendrolimus spp. can m
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Page 67 and 68: Identification Males are smaller an
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3-4 Pine-tree lappet larva.
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Page 83 and 84: Identification Molecular tools have
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Page 89 and 90: Monitoring Survey Survey Procedures
Page 91 and 92: Survey Procedures What To Look For
Page 93 and 94: Survey Procedures Figure 4-3 Forest
Page 95 and 96: Survey Procedures Dendrolimus punct
Page 97 and 98: Light Traps Survey Procedures Figur
Page 99 and 100: Survey Procedures Type of property
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 5 Contents Introduction Reg
Page 103 and 104: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 105 and 106: Regulatory Procedures Establishing
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 6 Contents Introduction Con
Page 109 and 110: Cultural Control Pest population is
Page 111 and 112: Chemical Control Control Procedures
Page 113 and 114: Control Procedures Insect Growth Re
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus punc
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus sibi
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus pini
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Control Procedures Integrated Pest
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Chapter 7 Environmental Compliance
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Environmental Compliance Categorica
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Environmental Compliance Environmen
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Chapter 8 Pathways Contents Introdu
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Destinations Pathways When an actio
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Pathways Contaminated vehicles and
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths References U
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References Boldaruev, V. O. 1959. D
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References Dobrowolski, M. 2002. Ef
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References Gould, P., I. Wolwood, J
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outbreaks in eastern Siberia. Inter
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References Le-Cerf, F. 1932. Lepido
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References Malyshev, D. 1988. Durat
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References Endromidae, Saturnidae,
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References Shvidenko, A., S. Nilsso
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References Wang, C., J. Wu, and G.
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References Zhao, T. H., C. J. Chen,
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Appendix A Resources Use Appendix A
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Appendix B Forms index. Contents Us
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OMB Information According to the Pa
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Table B-1 Instructions for Completi
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PPQ 523 Emergency Action Notificati
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Appendix C How Contents to Submit I
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How to Submit Insect Specimens An a
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Appendix D Taxonomic Contents Backg
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys pleas
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USDA, APHIS, PPQ 105 Buckhout Lab P
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Data Entry Taxonomic Support for Su
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Appendix E Images Figure E-1 Field
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Images Figure E-3 Dendrolimus pini
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Appendix F Biological Control Table
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Sarcophaga tuberosa Pandellé Sarco
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Aphanistes bigutattus Grav Melis, 1
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Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) Chaffinc
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Nabis kurilensis Matsumura Coleopte
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Delomerista mandibularis Gravenhors
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Theronia atalantae Poda Theronia ja
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Dendrolimus sibiricus Cytoplasmic P
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Biological Control Table F-3 Report
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