New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

Pest Information
Dendrolimus pini
Adult
Developmental time for males and females during the pupal stage does not
differ although males will, on average, emerge first, late in the afternoon
(around 5:00pm) and females will emerge later during the night (around
8:00pm) (Winokur, 1991). Lifespan of mated females is 7-10 days and that of
virgin females is 17-20 days (Lebedev et al., 1929). Mated and virgin females
will lay about the same number of eggs during their lifespans, however, eggs
laid by virgin females are significantly smaller (Lebedev and Savenkov, 1930).
Males live on average 17 days (Lebedev and Savenkov, 1930). Males and
females moths will not feed during their lifetime surviving only from the
reserves accumulated during larval development (Chainey, 2010).
Food quantity and quality are also important factor that affect the development
of the PTL. Smelyanets (1977) showed that oils in Scots pine can be important
larval feeding stimulants for example, borneol and camphene; terpenoids like
α-pinene, β-pinene and α-terpineol can be feeding deterents and, other
terpenoids like limonene, bornilacetate and α-terpineol can be toxic. When
found at high concentrations, these toxic compounds will kill the larvae and
feeding deterrent terpenoids will reduce larval weigh and increase
developmental time (Smelyanets, 1977). Sukovata et al., 2003) found positive
correlations between levels of β-pinene and abundance of PTL larvae in Scots
pine crowns. The development of larval and pupal stages on different host is
variable. Pine-tree lappet larva feeding on Scots pine or spruce (Picea abies)
develop faster than those feeding on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
(Fuldner, 2001).
Development is also affected by voltinism. Larva developing in 1 or 2 year life
cycles will show differences in their pupal developmental time and in the
ability of females to fly. Malyshev, (1987) found that the pupal developmental
time for 1 year cycle larva was shorter (15 days on average) than those with 2
year cycle (22 days average) and, unlike the 1 year cycle females, females
from 2 year cycle moths will normally fly upon emergence (Malyshev, 1988).
2-24 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 12/2012-01