New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

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Pest Information Dispersal Generally, SaSM needs more than one year to complete a generation, and spends one or two winters in overwintering as a larva (Fukuyama, 1980). Although the density increases dramatically with outbreak levels, which can be greater than 1,000 individuals per tree (Fukuyama, 1980), population levels are normally do not exceed between 1 and 50 larvae per tree Maeto, 1991). Outbreak years typically follow summers with abnormally high mean temperatures, falling within or just after periods in which 3-year average temperatures of August or September were about 1°C higher than normal (Maeto, 1991). Adults of all Dendrolimus spp. can fly several kilometers, although females with eggs may not fly as far (Ciesla, 2001). Air currents may affect adult flight and early instar larvae are capable of balloon flight using silk threads (Speight and Wylie, 2001). 2-36 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 12/2012-01
Damage Pest Information The main damage is caused by the larva feeding on the needles of pine tree hosts causing extensive defoliation. Completely defoliated trees will normally die if the outbreaks last a few years. The severity of the damage in a forest is determined by the factors affecting the intensity of an outbreak (see Population Dynamics above). When larvae densities reach outbreak levels, complete forest stands can be affected causing tree death in a period of 2 to 3 years and covering millions of ha of forested areas (Figure 2-7 on page 2-37). Trees that survive a period of outbreak are weak and more vulnerable to the attack of secondary pests including wood borers in the families Cerambycidae and Scolytidae (EPPO, 2005; Orlinskii, 2000). Figure 2-7 Defoliated larch trees by Dendrolimus sibiricus in Mongolia (Vladimir Petko, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Bugwood.org). 12/2012-01 Dendrolimus Pine Moths 2-37
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United States Department of Agricul
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Contents Con
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths Figures Figu
Page 7 and 8: Figure 4-3 Forest stand with glue b
Page 9 and 10: Dendrolimus Pine Moths Tables Table
Page 11 and 12: Dendrolimus Pine Moths Authors Revi
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 Introduction Contents Int
Page 15 and 16: Agricultural interests in other cou
Page 17 and 18: Authorities 4. Survey Procedures on
Page 19 and 20: ! DANGER DANGEROUS indicates that p
Page 21 and 22: Cross-references to headings and ti
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 2 Contents Introduction Cla
Page 25 and 26: Table 2-1 Classification of Dendrol
Page 27 and 28: Ecological Range Pest Information D
Page 29 and 30: Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
Page 31 and 32: Pest Information Dendrolimus supera
Page 33 and 34: Potential Distribution Pest Informa
Page 35 and 36: Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
Page 37 and 38: Table 2-4 Reported Hosts Species fo
Page 39 and 40: Life Cycle Pest Information Dendrol
Page 41 and 42: Pest Information Larva After 16-25
Page 43 and 44: Pest Information Pupa Larvae spin h
Page 45 and 46: Dendrolimus superans Pest Informati
Page 47 and 48: Pest Information Egg Optimum temper
Page 49 and 50: Pest Information Egg Development no
Page 51 and 52: Pest Information Pupa Siberian silk
Page 53 and 54: Table 2-6 Daily Consumption (in g)
Page 57: Pest Information Dendrolimus sibiri
Page 61 and 62: outbreaks of Dendrolimus spp. can m
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 3 Identification Contents I
Page 67 and 68: Identification Males are smaller an
Page 69 and 70: Figure 3-4 Pine-tree lappet larva.
Page 71 and 72: Identification Eggs The eggs are fo
Page 73 and 74: Identification Pupae Male pupae are
Page 75 and 76: Identification Figure 3-9 Adult Sib
Page 77 and 78: Identification Pupae The pupae of S
Page 79 and 80: Identification Similar Species In t
Page 81 and 82: Identification Figure 3-14 Larva of
Page 83 and 84: Identification Molecular tools have
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 4 Contents Introduction Sur
Page 87 and 88: Survey Procedures 5. Clearly mark t
Page 89 and 90: Monitoring Survey Survey Procedures
Page 91 and 92: Survey Procedures What To Look For
Page 93 and 94: Survey Procedures Figure 4-3 Forest
Page 95 and 96: Survey Procedures Dendrolimus punct
Page 97 and 98: Light Traps Survey Procedures Figur
Page 99 and 100: Survey Procedures Type of property
Page 101 and 102: Chapter 5 Contents Introduction Reg
Page 103 and 104: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 105 and 106: Regulatory Procedures Establishing
Page 107 and 108: Chapter 6 Contents Introduction Con
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Cultural Control Pest population is
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Chemical Control Control Procedures
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Control Procedures Insect Growth Re
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus punc
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus sibi
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Control Procedures Dendrolimus pini
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Control Procedures Integrated Pest
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Chapter 7 Environmental Compliance
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Environmental Compliance Categorica
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Environmental Compliance Environmen
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Chapter 8 Pathways Contents Introdu
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Destinations Pathways When an actio
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Pathways Contaminated vehicles and
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Dendrolimus Pine Moths References U
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References Boldaruev, V. O. 1959. D
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References Dobrowolski, M. 2002. Ef
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References Gould, P., I. Wolwood, J
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outbreaks in eastern Siberia. Inter
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References Le-Cerf, F. 1932. Lepido
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References Malyshev, D. 1988. Durat
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References Endromidae, Saturnidae,
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References Shvidenko, A., S. Nilsso
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References Wang, C., J. Wu, and G.
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References Zhao, T. H., C. J. Chen,
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Appendix A Resources Use Appendix A
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Appendix B Forms index. Contents Us
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OMB Information According to the Pa
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Table B-1 Instructions for Completi
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PPQ 523 Emergency Action Notificati
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Appendix C How Contents to Submit I
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How to Submit Insect Specimens An a
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Appendix D Taxonomic Contents Backg
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys pleas
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USDA, APHIS, PPQ 105 Buckhout Lab P
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Data Entry Taxonomic Support for Su
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Appendix E Images Figure E-1 Field
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Images Figure E-3 Dendrolimus pini
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Appendix F Biological Control Table
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Sarcophaga tuberosa Pandellé Sarco
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Aphanistes bigutattus Grav Melis, 1
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Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) Chaffinc
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Nabis kurilensis Matsumura Coleopte
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Delomerista mandibularis Gravenhors
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Theronia atalantae Poda Theronia ja
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Dendrolimus sibiricus Cytoplasmic P
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Biological Control Table F-3 Report
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New Pest Response Guidelines - aphis - US Department of Agriculture

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