Chapters 1 - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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Pacific Co ast H wy A n a h e i m B a y Surfside Beach Eelgrass Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Habitats on the Seal Beach NWR Signal Rd Kitts Hwy Forrestal Ln HABITAT TYPES Intertidal salt marsh Intertidal mudflat Coastal sage scrub 5th St Invasive upland Developed Subtidal open water Hog Island Figure 4-13. Habitat Types on the Seal Beach NWR Figure 4-13. Habitat Types on the Seal Beach NWR. Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach Bolsa Ave Least Tern nesting site Paci fic Oc e an CA Seal Beach NWR 0.3 Miles Sources: US Fish & Wildlife Service, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service; I3 Imagery from ArcGIS Online © 2009 i-cubed.
Chapter 4 roots and rhizomes of the eelgrass help to stabilize the channel bottoms and the eelgrass blades help to cut down wave action, supporting fine sediment deposition. The unvegetated portions of the shallow subtidal habitat within the Refuge are also important because of the major species assemblage that occurs there. Nematode and polychaete worms, gastropod mollusks, crabs, isopods, and a wide variety of smaller crustaceans transform detritus and smaller invertebrates into usable food for larger invertebrates and fishes (U.S. Navy 2000). 4.3.3.2 Intertidal Channels and Tidal Mudflat Habitats Only the southernmost end of the tidal channel system supports subtidal habitat; the rest of the system is considered intertidal. Intertidal habitat encompasses the area between the high and low tides and is subject to varying degrees of tidal submergence (U.S. Navy 2011). A comparison of the pattern of the tidal channels that cut through the marsh plain in Anaheim Bay in 1873 (refer to Figures 4-3 and 4-5) with the channel pattern in 2008 indicates surprisingly little change within the area of the marsh that is now protected within the Refuge. This complex tidal channel network ensures full tidal circulation throughout the natural marsh habitat, transporting oxygen and nutrients and regulating salinity levels. These tidal channels also serve as pathways for fish and other marine organisms to reach the rich foraging areas available within the marsh. Within the tidal channels, the principal vegetation is algae. The dominant species of algae within the Refuge, as recorded during surveys conducted in 1971 and 1972, included Enteromorpha sp., the most abundant genus, and Ulva lactuca (State of California 1975). Intertidal flats occur between the lowest cordgrass area and the highest eelgrass beds, approximately 3 to 0 feet Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW). Intertidal flats can consist of various combinations of clay, silt, sand, shell fragments, and organic debris. The water levels on the flats are determined by the daily tidal cycles, which submerge or expose the surface approximately twice per day (Goals Project 2000). These mudflats contain abundant organic matter and microorganisms, but not at the level found in eelgrass beds or salt marsh habitat. Although generally thought of as unvegetated, mudflats often contain areas of microorganisms, including diatoms and blue-green algae, which provide food for various species of worms and other invertebrates. Seasonal growth of macroalgae, such as Enteromorpha sp., Cladophora sp., and sea lettuce (Ulva sp.), can also occur. The invertebrates found on these mudflats include organisms that feed on detritus and algae, as well as snails, crabs, and polychaete worms, that glean food from the mud substrate or capture prey in the shallow water. When the tide enters Anaheim Bay, numerous fishes, sharks, and rays move in to take advantage of the productivity of the mudflats. While most mudflat fish are transient visitors, a short list of mudflat fish species are full-time residents, typically residing in the burrows of marine invertebrates. Still other fishes are seasonal visitors during juvenile life stages. The tidal flats serve as nurseries for the resident juveniles and the sub-adults, which migrate to the subtidal area to avoid low tide conditions on the flats. While relatively constant salinities and temperatures in offshore waters benefit larval development, these larvae eventually drift onto tidal flats so that the juvenile stages of these fish may take advantage of higher temperatures, abundant food, and the absence of large predators. Tidal channels support important nurseries for several species of sport and commercial fish such as California corbina (Menticirrhus undulatus) and California halibut (Paralichthys californicus). When the tide ebbs, shorebirds appear on the scene to consume invertebrate prey. Each shorebird species is adapted to a certain zone, as revealed in a spectrum of bill lengths and specialized feeding behaviors that correspond to the different lifestyles and niches of mud-dwelling 4-44 Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Seal
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Seal B
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Abstract The issues addressed in t
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Reader’s Guide Appendix A, Compa
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Table of Contents 2.8 Alternative
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Table of Contents 4.3.4.1 Birds ..
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Table of Contents 5.4.2 Alternativ
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Table of Contents ─────
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Table of Contents ─────
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Ventura County Hopper Mt. NWR P a c
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Chapter 1 The development of this
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Chapter 1 document, or administrat
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Chapter 1 e) The use is consistent
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Chapter 1 area now meets the defin
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Chapter 1 Additional ecosystem pla
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Chapter 1 Goal 2: Protect, manage,
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Figure 1-3. Artist’s Rendition of
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Chapter 2 recovery, and wildlife-d
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Chapter 2 2.5 Management Concerns/
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Chapter 2 Refuge Access The Refuge
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Chapter 2 approved CCP will be imp
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San Gabriel River California Nevada
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Chapter 3 implementation of the fo
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Chapter 3 activities at NWSSB are
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Chapter 3 Alternative C a larger p
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Chapter 3 3.4.2.2 Features Common
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Pacific Co ast H wy A n a h e i m B
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Chapter 3 For the California least
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Chapter 3 requires that all pestic
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Chapter 3 species habitat; the sea
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Chapter 3 Wildlife Photography. Ca
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l Bolsa Ave. Seal Beach National Wi
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Pacific Co ast H wy A n a h e i m B
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Chapter 3 BMPs that further define
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Chapter 3 greater than three miles
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Chapter 3 6. Increase Efforts to I
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Chapter 3 The upland areas to the
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Page 85 and 86: Figure 4-1. Seal Beach NWR - Site P
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4-2. Historical (1894) Coast
Page 89 and 90: Figure 4-4. Aerial View of Anaheim
Page 91 and 92: Chapter 4 With the exception of th
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Page 97 and 98: Chapter 4 The results of studies c
Page 99 and 100: Figure 4-10. Anaheim Bay-Huntington
Page 101 and 102: Figure 4-11. Tidal and Freshwater C
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Page 115 and 116: Chapter 4 Within the South Coast A
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Page 119 and 120: Chapter 4 Site Number Table 4-4 Su
Page 121 and 122: Chapter 4 At present, there are ap
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 4 The Shorebird Plan ident
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Page 131 and 132: Chapter 4 A variety of foraging ha
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4 Harbor seals (Phoca vitu
Page 135 and 136: Chapter 4 Wandering Skipper. A but
Page 137 and 138: Chapter 4 artificial containers, a
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 4 Mollusk communities in s
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 4 The data collected durin
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Page 149 and 150: Chapter 4 condition that could be
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Page 157 and 158: Chapter 4 Presented in Table 4-12
Page 159 and 160: Chapter 4 Protection Plan for Nava
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Page 169 and 170: Figure 4-16. Land Use in the Vicini
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Chapter 5 Hydrology - An adverse
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Chapter 5 liquefaction, settlement
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Chapter 5 Surflan AS, with the act
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Chapter 5 sea level rise in the ge
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Chapter 5 per week. The sum of the
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Chapter 5 contaminants related to
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Chapter 5 erosion at the project s
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Chapter 5 would ensure that no sig
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Chapter 5 Spray applications will
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Chapter 5 The USEPA (2008b) descri
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Chapter 5 Measures shall be imple
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Chapter 5 Equipment will be calib
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Chapter 5 Refuge. Removal of concr
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Chapter 5 Public Use Expanding the
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Chapter 5 GHG emissions. Therefore
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Chapter 5 restoration/creation usi
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Chapter 5 Replacement of the exist
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Chapter 5 5.3.3 Alternative C (Pro
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Chapter 5 An action would result
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Chapter 5 conducted once a month,
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Chapter 5 Methoprene applied at le
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Chapter 5 in mammals, methoprene i
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Chapter 5 associated with the appl
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Chapter 5 moderately toxic to fish
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Chapter 5 impacts on nontarget spe
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Chapter 5 alternative as described
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Chapter 5 The removal of the drop
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Chapter 5 established on NASA Isla
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Chapter 5 Pest Management Herbicid
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Chapter 5 Pest Management Implemen
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Chapter 5 Public Use No adverse or
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Chapter 5 Proposals to better unde
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Chapter 5 Pest Management The anal
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Chapter 5 Section 800.5(1) Criteri
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Chapter 5 An archaeological monito
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Chapter 5 included in this section
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Chapter 5 that extends along Bolsa
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Chapter 5 Table 5-4 Economic Impac
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Chapter 5 residents and visitors.
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Chapter 5 5.7.3.5 Effects Related
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Chapter 5 Harmony Cove Residential
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Chapter 5 desalination facility ut
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Chapter 5 abundance of mosquitoes
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Chapter 5 Table 5-5 Summary of Pot
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Chapter 6 6.2 Refuge Goals, Object
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Chapter 6 Objective 1.1 - Californ
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Chapter 6 affecting reestablishmen
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Chapter 6 Objective 1.6 - Protect
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Chapter 6 Objective 2.3 - Control
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Chapter 6 Objective 2.6 - Restore
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Chapter 6 for migratory birds thro
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Chapter 6 Alternative A B C
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Chapter 6 Goal 4: Further strength
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Chapter 6 public outreach at on- a
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Chapter 6 describes when and how m
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Chapter 6 Native American Graves P
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Chapter 6 (The Service lands and w
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Chapter 6 Water Quality Conservati
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Chapter 6 CCP, additional staff wi
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Chapter 6 Table 6-3 (continued) Pr
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7 References Cited Anderson, J., F.
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References Cited California State W
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References Cited Extension Toxicolo
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References Cited Kus, B.E. 1990. St
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References Cited National Marine Fi
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References Cited Robinson, W.W. 197
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References Cited Underwood, J. and
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References Cited U.S. Fish and Wild
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Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge
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Chapters 1 - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

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