Chapters 1 - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Chapter 5
5.7.3.5 Effects Related to Vectors and Odors
Wildlife and Habitat Management
Effects to surrounding areas related to vectors and odors that could be generated on the Refuge
would be similar to those described above for Alternative B. Additionally, as described under
Alternative B, the implementation of the restoration proposals on the Refuge are not expected to
result in adverse impacts related to odors.
Pest Management
The effects of the pest management proposals included under Alternative C would be same as
those described under Alternative B.
Public Use
The public use proposals included in Alternative C would have no adverse effects related to vectors
and odors.
5.7.3.6 Effects to Economics/Employment
Wildlife and Habitat Management
The effects to economics/employment of implementing the wildlife and habitat management plans
included in Alternative C would be essentially the same as those described for Alternative B. The
cost of restoration would be slightly lower under Alternative C, as less excavation would be
required to achieve wetland/upland transitional and native upland habitat.
Public Use
Effects to economics/employment of expanding the public use program as proposed in Alternative
C would be somewhat larger than those of Alternatives A and B (refer to Sections 5.7.1.5 above), as
several hundred additional visits to the Refuge could be realized under Alternative C. In spite of
this increase, these economic benefits of implementing Alternative C would still be negligible in
comparison with the economies and employment bases of Orange County and metro Los Angeles.
5.7.3.7 Effects to Environmental Justice
Wildlife and Habitat Management
Wildlife and habitat management activities proposed under Alternative C would not have
disproportionate adverse impacts on minority or low-income residents in the region.
Public Use
The public use program proposed under Alternative C would expand opportunities for the public to
observe and better understand the habitats and wildlife supported on the Refuge. The availability
of this resource in proximity to several lower income communities would represent a benefit to
these communities and would not result in disproportionate adverse impacts on minority or lowincome
residents in the region.
5.8 Indian Trust Assets
Indian trust assets (ITAs) are legal interests in assets that are held in trust by the United States
Government for Federally recognized Indian tribes or individuals. The trust relationship usually
stems from a treaty, Executive Order, or act of Congress. The Secretary of the Interior is the
trustee for the United States on behalf of federally recognized Indian tribes. “Assets” are
anything owned that holds monetary value. “Legal interests” means there is a property interest
for which there is a legal remedy, such as compensation or injunction, if there is improper
5-80 Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge