A Basic Course in Anthropological Linguistics (Studies in Linguistic ...

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ACTIVITIES AND TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION 167 2. What are some popular misconceptions about what.a word is? 3. If you know another language, translate Sapir’s sentence He will give it to you, and then compare your translation with the translations in the aboriginal languages. 4. Give your own examples of the operation of Zipf’s Law in word formation. 5. Identify fully the morphemes in the following words. (a) friendliness (b) predictable (c) incomprehensible (d) truthfully (e) insincere (0 unlikely (g) survival (h) aforementioned (i) verisimilitude (i) speedy (k) speedier (1) dysfunctional (m) congruous (n) headmistress 6. Using tree diagrams, show the morphemic structure of the words above. 7. Identify the allomorphs in the set of oppositions below, writing an appropriate complementary distribution rule. (a) legitimate - illegitimate (b) regular - irregular (c) complete - incomplete (d) sure - unsure (e) clear - unclear (f) typical - untypical (g) friendly - unfriendly 8. Identify the affix in each word, if any, explaining its meaning or function. (a) deduce (b) induce
168 A BASIC COURSE IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL, LINGUISTICS (c) produce (d) reduce (e) betterment (f) enjoyment (g) childish (h) lffY (i) mice (j) lice 9. Discuss the differences between isolating and agglutinative languages. Can you give examples of language of both types? 10. Do you think that the concept of universal or artificial language is useful? Explain your answer. How would you design a universal language if requested to do so? CHAPTER 5 1. Define the following terms and notions in your own words. (a) syntax (b) sentence (c) phrase structure (d) lexicon (e) subject (f) object (g) lexical insertion (h) universal grammar (i) subcategorization (j) grammar (k) subordination (1) coordination 2. Underline the actors and actions in the following text, relating them to each other in syntactic terms. My general theory since 197 1 has been that the word is literally a virus, and that it has not been recognised as such because it has achieved a state of relatively stable symbiosis with its human host; that is to say, the word virus (the Other Half) has established
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A Basic Course in Anthropological L
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A Basic Course in Anthropological L
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Table of Contents Preface .........
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Metaphor ..........................
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Preface Language is a truly fascina
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Without words to objectify and cate
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 3 languages the s
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 5 Saussure’s ap
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 7 as computationa
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 9 language utiliz
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 11 making the wor
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 13 Although there
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 15 chairrnan, spo
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 17 for example, s
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 19 they are unabl
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 21 who had suffer
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Language is a part of our organism
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THE OFUGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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THE ORTGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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A linguistic system is a series of
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SOUNDS 49 Sounds made by touching t
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Main Points of Articulation: SOUNDS
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SOUNDS 53 English living in Alabama
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SOUNDS 55 If a phoneme has variants
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SOUNDS 57 other by means of a compl
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SOUNDS 59 Distinctive features also
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~ ~ SOUNDS 61 Syllables with Primar
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SOUNDS 63 In some languages, such a
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SOUNDS 65 that we hardly ever notic
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flee float fly SOUNDS 67 On the oth
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Give the people a new word and they
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WORDS 71 inflected classes (such as
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THE MORPHEME WORDS 73 The bits and
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WORDS 75 There are two other types
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WORDS 77 This suggests, of course,
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ZIPF’S LAW AGAIN WORDS 79 Recall
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WORDS 81 Abbreviations save effort.
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WORDS 83 The American linguist Jose
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The words of the world want to make
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SENTENCES 87 The hierarchical struc
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SENTENCES 89 complement (or object)
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SENTENCES 91 For example, uttering
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SENTENCES 93 As a follow-up study,
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SENTENCES 95 The . . ./-ingl . . ./
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SENTENCES 97 timeline on which spec
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For a large class of cases-though n
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MEANINGS 101 The three referents to
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MEANINGS 103 a legislative assembly
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or [-canine] - [+canine] dog (male)
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MEANINGS 107 connotations, namely t
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MEANINGS 109 We do not detect the p
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MEANINGS 111 thnlung] was rendered
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(3) We don’t hire crew cuts. MEAN
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MEANINGS 115 ~~ Evil Good Appropria
Page 128 and 129: MEANINGS 117 he called gesticulants
Page 130 and 131: MEANINGS 119 given names come from
Page 132 and 133: You can stroke people with words. E
Page 134 and 135: DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 123 other k
Page 136 and 137: explicating family relations explic
Page 138 and 139: DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 127 (4) a c
Page 140 and 141: DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 129 or she
Page 142 and 143: DISCOURSE AND VA€”TION 131 Gend
Page 144 and 145: DISCOURSE AND VARLATION 133 Today,
Page 146 and 147: DISCOURSE AND VAFUATION 135 English
Page 148 and 149: All objects, all phases of culture
Page 150 and 151: LANGUAGE AND REALITY 139 0-0 1. 2 .
Page 152 and 153: LANGUAGE AND REALlTY 141 relations
Page 154 and 155: c English Salisb Sahaptit Chinook S
Page 156 and 157: LANGUAGE AND REALITY 145 brown, pur
Page 158 and 159: METAPHOR LANGUAGE AND REALITY 147 T
Page 160 and 161: LANGUAGE AND REALITY 149 In Modern
Page 162 and 163: LANGUAGE AND REALITY 151 Arizona. A
Page 164 and 165: LANGUAGE AND REALITY 153 it enters
Page 166 and 167: 9 8 LANGUAGE AND REALITY Side Grow
Page 168 and 169: LANGUAGE AND REALITY 157 The Greeks
Page 170 and 171: CONCLUDING REMARKS LANGUAGE AND REA
Page 172 and 173: CHAPTER 1 Activities and Topics for
Page 174 and 175: CHAPTER 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ACTI
Page 176 and 177: ACTIVITIES AND TOPICS FOR DISCUSSIO
Page 190 and 191: A addressee addresser affii allopho
Page 192 and 193: cohesive gesture communicative comp
Page 194 and 195: G gambit generative grammar GLOSSAR
Page 196 and 197: locutionary act logograph M manner
Page 198 and 199: eferential function register repair
Page 200 and 201: vocalization voicing vowel GLOSSARY
Page 202 and 203: Cited Works and General Bibliograph
Page 204 and 205: CITED WORKS AND GENERAL, BIBLIOGRAP
Page 206 and 207: CITEiD WORKS AND GENERAL BIBLIOGRAP
Page 208 and 209: CITED WORKS AND GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPH
Page 224 and 225: A abbreviations, 79-8 1 acronyms, 7
Page 226 and 227: metaphor, role of, 147-153 proverbi
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illocutionary act, 184 image schema
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emotional meaning, 1 18 figurative,
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eality, and language color terminol
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gesture theory, 26-28 La-La theory,
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