A Basic Course in Anthropological Linguistics (Studies in Linguistic ...

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emotional meaning, 1 18 figurative, 101 figurative meaning, 106 gestures, 116-1 18 homonymy, 115 hyponymy, 1 15 lexical fields, 106 literal meaning, 101,106 metaphor, 106-108 names, 118-120 referent, 100-101 semantic features, 103-106 signs, 100-101 synonym, 114 tropes, 111-113 types of, 102-113 utterance meaning, 116-1 18 word meaning, 114-1 15 meaning emotive connotations, 103 message, 126,185 metalingual function, 185 metahgual messages, 127 Metamorphosis (Kafka), 147 metaphor anthropomorphic metaphors, 149-15 1 conceptual metaphor, 107-109,181 defined, 185 ground, 183 and meaning, 106-108 and proverbial wisdom, 152 role of, in language and culture, 147-153 root metaphors, 148-149 and scientific reasoning, 152-153 metaphoric gesticulants, 117,185 metaphoric modeling, 148-149 metaphorical meaning, 106 Metaphors We Live By (Lakoff and Johnson), 107 metonymy, 111-113, 185 minimal free form, 69 minimal pair, 54,185 modality, 97 morphemes INDEX 219 affix, 74-75 bound morphemes, 74 defined, 73,185 derivational morpheme, 74 described, 12,73 free morphemes, 74 grammatical morpheme, 73 inflectional morpheme, 74 root morpheme, 73 segmentation, 73-74 morphological agreement, 11 morphological analysis, 76-78 morphological index, 83 morphological subsystem, 1 1 morphology, 7,69-70,185 morphophonemic, 77 Morris, Desmond, 116 mouth-gesture theory, 27-28 mutual intelligibility, 185 N names, 118-120,185 nasal sounds, 39,48,51 nativization, 185 Neanderthals, 29 neogrammarian school borrowing, concept of, 4 emergence of, 4 sound laws, 4 Neolithic age, 29 neurolinguistics, 6 New Stone Age, 29 nomen, 119 noncontinuants, 52,185 noncontrastive, 59 nonsegmental feature, 185 Nostratic, 34-35 nucleus, 186 0 obstruents, 52, 186 occlusive sounds, 5 1 Old English, 133-134 Old Stone Age, 29
220 A BASIC COURSE IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS onomastics, 118,186 onomatope, 157-158 onomatopoeic words, 66 onset rubric, 61,186 ontological thinking, 108 open class, 19 opposition (contrast), 18 1 orientation, 108 The Origin and Diversijkation of Language (Swadesh), 29 orthographic analysis, 48 P Paget, Richard, 27-28 palatalization, 186 Paleolithic age, 29 Panini, 2 paradigm shift, 157 parole, 4,121,125,186 participant observation, 7-8 passive vocabulary, 7 1 patriarchal societies, 15 Pearson, B.L., 31 perlocutionary act, 186 personal pronouns, 123 personification, 11 1 phatic communion, 126 phatic function, 186 phatic messages, 127 phenetic changes, 40-4 1 phenetics described, 7 Philological Society of London, 23 The Philosophy of Rhetoric (Richards), 147 phoneme, 53-54,186 phonemic analysis, 48 phonemic sounds, 54 phones consonants, 50-52 described, 48 kinds of, 50 vowels, 50 phonetic description, 48-53 phonetics, 186 phonographs, 156 phonological analysis, 53-59 phonological rule, 55 phonology, 7, 10-11,53,186 phrase structure, 186 pictography, 153-156,157,186 Pilbeam, D., 30 pivot class, 19 Plains peoples, and gesture language, 1 18 plosive sounds, 5 1 poetic forms, 25 poetic function, 186 poetic messages, 127 points of articulation, 49,5 1,186 polysynthetic, 82 Pooh-Pooh theory, 25 praenomen, 119 pragmatic system, 16 pragmatics, 7,122,186 prefix, 74,186 Premack, A.J., 42 Premack, D., 42 primary stress, 59 primate language experiments, 41-45 Principle of Economic Change, 39-40 Principle of Least Effort, 12,4 1,8 1 Principle of the Historical Cycle, 41 productivity, 43 prosodic analysis, 48 Proto-Indo-European (PIE) anomalies, resolution of, 34 and core vocabularies, 35 described, 3 reconstruction of, 3 1 sound symbolism, 38 speakers of, 35 protolanguage, 186 proverbial wisdom, 152 Psamtik (King of Egypt), 24 psycholinguistics, 6 R rapid fading, 42 Rask, Rasmus Christian, 2 Ray, Verne, 142-144
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A Basic Course in Anthropological L
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A Basic Course in Anthropological L
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Table of Contents Preface .........
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Metaphor ..........................
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Preface Language is a truly fascina
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Without words to objectify and cate
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 3 languages the s
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 5 Saussure’s ap
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 7 as computationa
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 9 language utiliz
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 11 making the wor
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 13 Although there
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 15 chairrnan, spo
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 17 for example, s
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 19 they are unabl
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LINGUISTIC METHOD 21 who had suffer
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Language is a part of our organism
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THE OFUGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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THE ORTGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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A linguistic system is a series of
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SOUNDS 49 Sounds made by touching t
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Main Points of Articulation: SOUNDS
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SOUNDS 53 English living in Alabama
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SOUNDS 55 If a phoneme has variants
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SOUNDS 57 other by means of a compl
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SOUNDS 59 Distinctive features also
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~ ~ SOUNDS 61 Syllables with Primar
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SOUNDS 63 In some languages, such a
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SOUNDS 65 that we hardly ever notic
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flee float fly SOUNDS 67 On the oth
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Give the people a new word and they
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WORDS 71 inflected classes (such as
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THE MORPHEME WORDS 73 The bits and
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WORDS 75 There are two other types
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WORDS 77 This suggests, of course,
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ZIPF’S LAW AGAIN WORDS 79 Recall
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WORDS 81 Abbreviations save effort.
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WORDS 83 The American linguist Jose
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The words of the world want to make
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SENTENCES 87 The hierarchical struc
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SENTENCES 89 complement (or object)
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SENTENCES 91 For example, uttering
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SENTENCES 93 As a follow-up study,
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SENTENCES 95 The . . ./-ingl . . ./
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SENTENCES 97 timeline on which spec
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For a large class of cases-though n
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MEANINGS 101 The three referents to
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MEANINGS 103 a legislative assembly
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or [-canine] - [+canine] dog (male)
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MEANINGS 107 connotations, namely t
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MEANINGS 109 We do not detect the p
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MEANINGS 111 thnlung] was rendered
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(3) We don’t hire crew cuts. MEAN
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MEANINGS 115 ~~ Evil Good Appropria
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MEANINGS 117 he called gesticulants
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MEANINGS 119 given names come from
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You can stroke people with words. E
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DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 123 other k
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explicating family relations explic
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DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 127 (4) a c
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DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 129 or she
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DISCOURSE AND VA€”TION 131 Gend
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DISCOURSE AND VARLATION 133 Today,
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DISCOURSE AND VAFUATION 135 English
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All objects, all phases of culture
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 139 0-0 1. 2 .
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LANGUAGE AND REALlTY 141 relations
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c English Salisb Sahaptit Chinook S
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 145 brown, pur
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METAPHOR LANGUAGE AND REALITY 147 T
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 149 In Modern
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 151 Arizona. A
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 153 it enters
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9 8 LANGUAGE AND REALITY Side Grow
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 157 The Greeks
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CONCLUDING REMARKS LANGUAGE AND REA
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CHAPTER 1 Activities and Topics for
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CHAPTER 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ACTI
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ACTIVITIES AND TOPICS FOR DISCUSSIO
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ACTIVITIES AND TOPICS FOR DISCUSSIO
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Page 190 and 191: A addressee addresser affii allopho
Page 192 and 193: cohesive gesture communicative comp
Page 194 and 195: G gambit generative grammar GLOSSAR
Page 196 and 197: locutionary act logograph M manner
Page 198 and 199: eferential function register repair
Page 200 and 201: vocalization voicing vowel GLOSSARY
Page 202 and 203: Cited Works and General Bibliograph
Page 204 and 205: CITED WORKS AND GENERAL, BIBLIOGRAP
Page 206 and 207: CITEiD WORKS AND GENERAL BIBLIOGRAP
Page 208 and 209: CITED WORKS AND GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPH
Page 224 and 225: A abbreviations, 79-8 1 acronyms, 7
Page 226 and 227: metaphor, role of, 147-153 proverbi
Page 228 and 229: illocutionary act, 184 image schema
Page 232 and 233: eality, and language color terminol
Page 234 and 235: gesture theory, 26-28 La-La theory,
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