A Basic Course in Anthropological Linguistics (Studies in Linguistic ...

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Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................ ix 1 Linguistic Method ............................................................................... 1 Preliminary Remarks ............................................................................. 1 The Scientific Approach to Language ................................................... 2 Anthropological Linguistics ................................................................... 7 Language ............................................................................................... 8 Linguistic Analysis ............................................................................... 10 Learning to Speak ................................................................................ 17 Concluding Remarks ........................................................................... 21 2 The Origin and Evolution of Language . 23 Preliminary Remarks ........................................................................... 23 Theories .............................................................................................. 24 Reconstruction Techques ................................................................. 31 Core Vocabularies ................................................................................ 35 Language Change ................................................................................ 39 Primate Language Experiments ........................................................... 41 Concludmg Remarks ........................................................................... 45 3 Sounds ................................................................................................ 47 Preliminary Remarks ........................................................................... Phonetic Description ........................................................................... 47 48 Phonological Analysis .......................................................................... 53 Syllable Structure ................................................................................ 59 Slips of the Tongue ............................................................................. 64 Sound Symbolism ............................................................................... 64 Concluding Remarks ........................................................................... 67
4 5 6 7 8 Words ................................................................................................. 69 Preliminary Remarks ........................................................................... 69 Words .................................................................................................. 70 The Morpheme .................................................................................... 73 Morphological Analysis ........................................................................ 76 Zipf’s Law Again ................................................................................. 79 Linguistic Typology ............................................................................. 82 Concluding Remarks ........................................................................... 84 Sentences ........................................................................................... 85 Prehnary Remarks ........................................................................... 85 Sentences ............................................................................................ 86 Grammar ............................................................................................. 88 Grammar and Use ............................................................................... 90 The Lexicon ........................................................................................ 94 Grammar and Concepts ...................................................................... 95 Concluding Remarks ........................................................................... 99 Meanings ............................................................................................ 99 Prehnary Remarks ........................................................................... 99 Meaning ............................................................................................. 100 Types of Meaning .............................................................................. 102 Word Meaning .................................................................................... 114 Utterance Meaning .............................................................................. 116 Names ................................................................................................ 118 Concluding Remarks ......................................................................... 120 Discourse and Variation ................................................................. 121 Prelirmnary Remarks ......................................................................... 121 Conversational Devices ..................................................................... 121 Discourse .......................................................................................... 123 Variation ............................................................................................. 128 Borrowing ......................................................................................... 133 Concluding Remarks ......................................................................... 135 Language and Reality ..................................................................... 137 Preliminary Remarks ......................................................................... 137 The Whorfian Hypothesis .................................................................. 138 Specialized Vocabularies .................................................................... 140
Page 2 and 3: A Basic Course in Anthropological L
Page 4 and 5: A Basic Course in Anthropological L
Page 8 and 9: Metaphor ..........................
Page 10 and 11: Preface Language is a truly fascina
Page 12 and 13: Without words to objectify and cate
Page 14 and 15: LINGUISTIC METHOD 3 languages the s
Page 16 and 17: LINGUISTIC METHOD 5 Saussure’s ap
Page 18 and 19: LINGUISTIC METHOD 7 as computationa
Page 20 and 21: LINGUISTIC METHOD 9 language utiliz
Page 22 and 23: LINGUISTIC METHOD 11 making the wor
Page 24 and 25: LINGUISTIC METHOD 13 Although there
Page 26 and 27: LINGUISTIC METHOD 15 chairrnan, spo
Page 28 and 29: LINGUISTIC METHOD 17 for example, s
Page 30 and 31: LINGUISTIC METHOD 19 they are unabl
Page 32 and 33: LINGUISTIC METHOD 21 who had suffer
Page 34 and 35: Language is a part of our organism
Page 36 and 37: THE OFUGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
Page 38 and 39: THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
Page 48 and 49: THE ORTGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LANGUAG
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A linguistic system is a series of
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SOUNDS 49 Sounds made by touching t
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Main Points of Articulation: SOUNDS
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SOUNDS 53 English living in Alabama
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SOUNDS 55 If a phoneme has variants
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SOUNDS 57 other by means of a compl
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SOUNDS 59 Distinctive features also
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~ ~ SOUNDS 61 Syllables with Primar
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SOUNDS 63 In some languages, such a
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SOUNDS 65 that we hardly ever notic
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flee float fly SOUNDS 67 On the oth
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Give the people a new word and they
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WORDS 71 inflected classes (such as
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THE MORPHEME WORDS 73 The bits and
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WORDS 75 There are two other types
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WORDS 77 This suggests, of course,
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ZIPF’S LAW AGAIN WORDS 79 Recall
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WORDS 81 Abbreviations save effort.
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WORDS 83 The American linguist Jose
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The words of the world want to make
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SENTENCES 87 The hierarchical struc
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SENTENCES 89 complement (or object)
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SENTENCES 91 For example, uttering
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SENTENCES 93 As a follow-up study,
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SENTENCES 95 The . . ./-ingl . . ./
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SENTENCES 97 timeline on which spec
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For a large class of cases-though n
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MEANINGS 101 The three referents to
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MEANINGS 103 a legislative assembly
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or [-canine] - [+canine] dog (male)
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MEANINGS 107 connotations, namely t
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MEANINGS 109 We do not detect the p
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MEANINGS 111 thnlung] was rendered
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(3) We don’t hire crew cuts. MEAN
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MEANINGS 115 ~~ Evil Good Appropria
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MEANINGS 117 he called gesticulants
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MEANINGS 119 given names come from
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You can stroke people with words. E
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DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 123 other k
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explicating family relations explic
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DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 127 (4) a c
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DISCOURSE AND VARIATION 129 or she
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DISCOURSE AND VA€”TION 131 Gend
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DISCOURSE AND VARLATION 133 Today,
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DISCOURSE AND VAFUATION 135 English
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All objects, all phases of culture
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 139 0-0 1. 2 .
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LANGUAGE AND REALlTY 141 relations
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c English Salisb Sahaptit Chinook S
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 145 brown, pur
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METAPHOR LANGUAGE AND REALITY 147 T
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 149 In Modern
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 151 Arizona. A
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 153 it enters
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9 8 LANGUAGE AND REALITY Side Grow
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LANGUAGE AND REALITY 157 The Greeks
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CONCLUDING REMARKS LANGUAGE AND REA
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CHAPTER 1 Activities and Topics for
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CHAPTER 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ACTI
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ACTIVITIES AND TOPICS FOR DISCUSSIO
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A addressee addresser affii allopho
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cohesive gesture communicative comp
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G gambit generative grammar GLOSSAR
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locutionary act logograph M manner
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eferential function register repair
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vocalization voicing vowel GLOSSARY
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Cited Works and General Bibliograph
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CITED WORKS AND GENERAL, BIBLIOGRAP
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CITEiD WORKS AND GENERAL BIBLIOGRAP
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CITED WORKS AND GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPH
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A abbreviations, 79-8 1 acronyms, 7
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metaphor, role of, 147-153 proverbi
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illocutionary act, 184 image schema
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emotional meaning, 1 18 figurative,
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eality, and language color terminol
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gesture theory, 26-28 La-La theory,
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