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Witold Migal
with a wooden pole lever with which similar work was probably executed.
The pole was about 12 cm in diameter and about 2 m long and was used for
breaking off large blocks of cast rock. These mines were exploited by the
Globular Amphorae population in the early third millennium cal BC. One
problem is that long pressure blades appeared in Polish territories 500 years
earlier. Furthermore, all such production seems to have existed within a spe
Socio-economical transformation among the
peoples of the later Linear Pottery cultures
and the Tripole culture
According to current theories, social transformations of the population of
the later Linear Pottery cultures are connected with an agricultural econo
my that led to changes in social relations. By reconstructing the size of the
population of the Tripole culture, Russian researchers have shown that this
cultural unit possessed many features of a “civilization”, which is marked by
using the term “Tripole Civilization”. They underline its settled character as
indicated by, e.g. the municipal character of the housing estate of the Near
Tsciszovka or Onoprievka in stage B I, and in the later stage (B II) they cover
c. 10,000 inhabit
ants occupying 2800 buildings. On the other hand, we see advances in the
ceramic technology and the development of exchange of copper items (see
Videiko 1994:9). At the same time, similar changes occurred within the later
Linear Pottery cultures (also called the Lengyel – Polar Complex). In both
cases, the transformations were accompanied by a larger cultivated area (in
comparison with the later Linear Pottery Culture), as well as an increased
shells). Other differences seen in the archaeological material are e.g. the gi
gantic storage amphorae that are accompanied by small cups or mugs with
ears (see Sherratt 1987, 1995). Such sets are linked to the production and con
of stage B II, specialized pottery workshops are also known. This is evidence
of a civilization in progress among the Middle Neolithic populations and of
simultaneous specialization in the production of different types of goods.
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