Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Saccharides

© 2004 by CRC Press LLC
drying of the aqueous coffee extracts offers better aroma. The caffeine/CD complex
can be prepared, but its properties (association constant and solubility) in aqueous
solution are not appropriate to remove the caffeine from coffee. Various insoluble,
swelling CD polymers were much less efficient in removing caffeine from aqueous
coffee extracts. The CD polymers extracted hardly 4 to 26% of caffeine whereas
charcoal provided a 77% yield of entrapment. In removal of chlorogenic acid, some
β-CD polymers were as useful as charcoal. A 70% yield of isolation was achieved
by both methods. Addition of 0.005 to 1% β-CD to canned citrus products prevented
precipitation of poorly soluble bitter hesperidin and naringin. Excessive amounts of
these compounds can be selectively removed chromatographically by using columns
packed with CD polymers.
A low level of cholesterol in low-cholesterol butter, a Belgian product, was
achieved by complexation of cholesterol from the molten butter with β-CD. The
complex is easy to remove from the final product. Over 90% of cholesterol can be
removed in one step and the butter remains CD-free. Also, low-cholesterol dairy
products, such as cheese, cream, or even low-cholesterol egg, are available by using
this technology.
17.4.5 FURTHER EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF CYCLODEXTRINS
TO FOOD
CDs incorporated into food-packaging plastic films very effectively reduce the loss
of aroma substances. Various CD complexes can be utilized in foodstuffs as antiseptics
and preservatives. Iodine/β-CD applied at a 0.1% concentration provides a
two-month inhibition against putrefying in fish paste and frozen marine products
stored at 20°C. No growth of Aspergillus, Penicillium, or Trichoderma strains was
observed on the surface of vinylacetate polymer or polypropylene foil containing
the iodine complex.
Fungicide/CD complexes incorporated into films, for example, packaging of
fermented cheese, inhibit the development of the surface mold colonies and thereby
significantly extend the shelf life of products.
Edible films containing CDs and sugars have been described. The ethanol/CD
complex packed in an ethanol-permeable film is an efficient antimold antiseptic for
packaged foods. The CD complex or benzoic acid is also used as a food preservative.
17.5 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION OF
CYCLODEXTRINS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES
17.5.1 PHARMACEUTICALS 8,10,13
More than 6000 papers, patents, and conference abstracts (i.e., about 25% of the
available CD literature) are dedicated to the potential pharmaceutical uses of CDs.
The number of CD-containing marketed drugs is steadily increasing. The active
ingredients in drug formulations are frequently poorly soluble or instable, or they
possess unacceptable taste. In many cases, application of a properly selected CD