Untitled

84 LATIN CHANT BEFORE ST. GREGORY
Visigothic neums, one of the earliest instances of the kind: it is a
ninth-century manuscript of the works of Martianus Capella, an
African writer of the end of the fourth century. Paris, Bibl. Nat. lat.
8093 (eighth century) contains several distichs in Mozarabic neums
among them *O mortalis homo', by Eugenius of Toledo, and 'Sum
et miser' (written in the same metre as the *
Salve festa dies' of
Venantius Fortunatus) by Isidore of Seville.
(iii) Notation. The notation of Mozarabic plainsong in the early
manuscripts is neumatic, with Eastern and Byzantine elements. There
the other
are two schools of notation, one writing horizontally,
vertically. The horizontal manuscripts belong to the Toledo school:
there are fewer types of neums, their form is more primitive and there
is no trace of *
careful height': the simple neum has not more than
one or two forms, and compound neums are found but rarely. The
second school, the vertical, presents its neums much more clearly and
in a form easier to read: its manuscripts come from Silos, from San
Millan de la Cogolla (in which traces of 'carefully heighted' or
diastematic neums may be seen) and include the important Antiphoner
of Leon; and with them must be mentioned the two manuscripts in
the British Museum 1 which come from the monastery of San
Domingo de Silos and give Roman texts and melodies in Visigothic
script. Though the Toledo style of writing seems the older, it does not
follow that the vertical type did not originate in Toledo as well,
judging from the Antiphoner of Leon. One thing must be noticed,
namely, that after the Arab invasion of 711 until the introduction of
the Roman chant in the second half of the eleventh century there was
little or no development either in the music or in its notation. The
scribes contented themselves with copying the existing manuscripts.
(iv) Musical Forms of the Liturgy, (a) The Mass. There are four
choral chants, together with Gloria, Credo, Agios, and Sanctus, anti-
phons of the Pax and the Communion, salutations by the celebrant
and biddings by the deacon, the Diptychs, and "the Consecration. In
all, the Mozarabic sacramentary includes 240 formularies for Mass.
This Offertory salutation occurs before (12) on p. 87:
Ex.si (a)*
Adjuvateme,fratres,ino-rati.onibus vestris, et orate pro me ad Deum. Jf.Adjuvet
1 Add. 30848 and 30850.
a Missale Mixtum (1500).