Management of rice production systems to increase productivity

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Table 35. Straw Nitrogen Content <strong>of</strong> Rice Varieties at Harvest in Low‐Input 40‐40‐40 High‐Input 80‐40‐40 Very High Input 160‐80‐80 2000, 2001, 2002, Brikama, The Gambia Fertilizer Level Variety Straw N(%) 2000 2001 2002 WAB56‐50 0.30 0.61 0.97 Zero Application WAB56‐125 0.48 0.53 0.80 0‐0‐0 WAB377‐B 0.69 0.92 0.82 Peking 0.64 0.69 1.03 Lsd.05 Cv(%) WAB56‐50 WAB56‐125 WAB377‐B Peking WAB56‐50 WAB56‐125 WAB377‐B Peking WAB56‐50 WAB56‐125 WAB377‐B Peking 0.33 0.49 0.61 0.54 0.40 0.49 0.61 0.55 0.60 1.01 0.74 0.96 0.45 42.9 0.53 0.53 0.73 0.54 0.65 0.89 0.64 0.91 0.68 0.69 0.71 0.78 0.42 36.5 1.25 1.14 1.47 1.56 1.25 1.00 1.01 1.15 1.44 1.17 1.15 1.52 0.60 31.1 133
Table 36. Nitrogen‐Use Efficiency for Grain Production (NUEg)<strong>of</strong> Rice Low‐Input 40‐40‐40 High‐Input 80‐40‐40 Very High Input 160‐80‐80 Varieties in 2000, 2001, 2002, Brikama, The Gambia Fertilizer Level Variety NUEg 2000 2001 2002 WAB56‐50 87.2 Zero Application WAB56‐125 0‐0‐0 WAB377‐B Peking a 81.1a 63.1abcd 75.1ab 49.1ab 66.1a 31.2b 51.7ab 13.5abc 12.2abc 9.4bc 9.5bc Lsd.05 Cv(%) WAB56‐50 WAB56‐125 WAB377‐B Peking WAB56‐50 WAB56‐125 WAB377‐B Peking WAB56‐50 WAB56‐125 WAB377‐B Peking 83.5 a 83.9 a 68.9 abc 81.2 a 91.4 a 64.9 abcd 68.5 abc 75.2 ab 65.7 abcd 45.7 cd 51.7 bcd 39.2 d 20.1 24.5 63.8 a 59.9 ab 40.2 ab 47.6 ab 65.9 a 48.8 ab 44.0 ab 46.4 ab 53.8 ab 54.9 ab 49.1 ab 37.3 ab 25.0 29.7 6.7 c 10.7 bc 7.5 c 10.2 bc 14.0 abc 19.2 ab 22.3 a 15.1 abc 7.4c 7.2c 6.5c 8.8bc 9.2 49.3 134
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MANAGEMENT OF RICE PRODUCTION SYSTE
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MANAGEMENT OF RICE PRODUCTION SYSTE
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author was
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is indeb
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: RICE
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3.3.2. Effect of Seedling Age at Tr
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Table 10. Grain Yield from Low‐In
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Table 28. Soil Sample Analysis at T
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Table 46. Yield Parameter SRI Ferti
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Figure 10. Grain Yield at Different
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context of food security. As there
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management of soil nutrients and so
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enough fertilizer was available to
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the importation of agricultural inp
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12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 4
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The reason for the decline in The G
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2.1. Introduction CHAPTER TWO: LOW
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tend to produce moderately higher y
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available nitrogen and phosphorus r
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Table 3. Soil Test Data from Upland
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flood/drought cycle, which is provi
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educed transpiration due to soil wa
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management practices (dry land/irri
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Sta Cruz et al. (1994) identified d
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2.1.6. Nutrient Dynamics in Tropica
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efficiency (Cassman and Harwood, 19
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(1) Higher mineralization rate in t
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Translocation of N from the vegetat
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NUEp = TDM / NPLANT (3) From equati
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4) The NuMaSS can be used to predic
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1. Zero application (Control) 2. Lo
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are averages of duplicated assays a
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show any significant differences be
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Table 8. Low‐Input Upland Rice Tr
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stress conditions that prevailed du
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Fertilizer Level Variety Grain Yiel
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Harvest Index Harvest Index 0.6 0.5
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Tissue N (%) Tissue N (%) Tissue N
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According to Fukai et al. (1999) hi
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NUE(grain) g per g (N) NUE(grain) g
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Necessary inputs for the nitrogen m
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Determining Crop N: The first step
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Hierarchy for NSoil: 1. You will en
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e able to access a value from the d
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Figure 10. Grain Yield at Different
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season, but in the event that major
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In many cases, results did not meet
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1995 worked with Malagasy farmers a
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3.1.3. Water Management Water contr
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diffusion from the soil‐water int
Page 101 and 102: and rewetting of soils as practiced
Page 103 and 104: 2. SRI will increase rice yields be
Page 105 and 106: Three sets of rice nurseries were p
Page 107 and 108: Two rice varieties, IET 3137 and IT
Page 109 and 110: tillering variety, with plant heigh
Page 111 and 112: Gambia prefer bigger seedlings beca
Page 113 and 114: Figure 12. Number of New Roots Re
Page 115 and 116: Seedling Age 5‐Days 5‐Days 10
Page 117 and 118: Table 14. SRI vs. Conventional Prac
Page 119 and 120: The difference in 1000‐grain weig
Page 121 and 122: Variety Inter Space (cm) ITA 306 IE
Page 123 and 124: 104 SRI management practice using 3
Page 125 and 126: fertilizer, but no better panicle f
Page 127 and 128: increase in fertilizer application.
Page 129 and 130: transplanting urea fertilizer was a
Page 131 and 132: 112 Applying just compost alone gav
Page 133 and 134: submerging the 7‐day old seedling
Page 135 and 136: 116 An increase in SRI yields in su
Page 137 and 138: 4.1. General conclusions CHAPTER FO
Page 139 and 140: practices are 2 to 3 times higher t
Page 141 and 142: application. This study has proven
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX 1: FIELD LAYOUT V. High‐
Page 145 and 146: Table 26. Soil Sample Analysis at H
Page 147 and 148: Low‐Input 40‐40‐40 APPENDIX 3
Page 149 and 150: Table 32. Low‐Input Upland Rice T
Page 151: Low‐Input 40‐40‐40 Table 34.
Page 155 and 156: Table 38. SRI vs Conventional Pract
Page 157 and 158: Table 40. Grain Yield from SRI Prac
Page 159 and 160: Fertilizer Level Table 42. SRI Fert
Page 161 and 162: Table 44. SRI Fertilizer Management
Page 163 and 164: Table 46. Yield Parameters SRI Fert
Page 165 and 166: Cabrera, M.L. 1993. Modeling the fl
Page 167 and 168: 148 Dunsmore, J.R., A.B. Rains, G.D
Page 169 and 170: 150 Hassink, J., Lebbink, G. and Va
Page 171 and 172: 152 management in agricultural syst
Page 173 and 174: 154 Root traits to increase drought
Page 175 and 176: 156 emission from rice fields: The
Page 177 and 178: 158 on ammonia volatilization losse
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Management of rice production systems to increase productivity

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