Management of rice production systems to increase productivity

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BIBLIOGRAGPHY 145 Alagarswamy, G., J.C. Gardner, J.W. Maransville, and R.B. Clark. 1988. Measurement of instantaneous nitrogen use efficiency among pearl millet genotypes. Crop Sci. J. 28:681‐685. Amano, T., Q. Zhu, Y. Wang, N. Inoue, and H. Tanaka. 1993. Case studies on high yields of paddy rice in Jiangsu Province, China: I. Characteristics of grain production. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 65(1):16‐21. Batten G.D. 2002. Relating minerals in rice shoots and grain to soil tests, yield and grain quality. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. Australia. No 02/101. Begg, J.E and N.C. Turner. 1976. Crop water deficits. Adv. Agron. J. 28:181‐ 217. Bhattacharjee, D.P., R. Krishnayya, and A.K. Ghosh. 1973. Analysis of yield components and productive efficiency of rice varieties under soil moisture deficit. Oryza, vol.10, No.2. Birch, H.F. 1958. The Effect of soil drying on humus decomposition and nitrogen. Plant Soil 10:9‐31. Black, C.A. 1993. Soil fertility evaluation and control. p.66‐67. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Boonjung, H., and S. Fukai. 1996. Effects of soil water defict at different growth stages on rice growth and yield under upland conditions. 2. Phenology, biomass production and yield. Field Crops Res. 48:47‐55. Broadbent, F.E. 1979. Mineralization of organic nitrogen in paddy soils. In: IRRI (ed). Nitrogen and rice. Los Banos, Phillipines, pp. 105‐118. Bufogle, A., Jr., P.K. Bollich, J.L. Kovar, R.E. Macchiavelli, and C.W. Lindau. 1997. Rice variety differences in dry matter and nitrogen accumulation as related to plant stature and maturity group. J. Plant Nutr. 20:1203‐ 1224.
Cabrera, M.L. 1993. Modeling the flush of nitrogen mineralization caused by drying and rewetting soils. Soil Society of America J. 57:63‐66. Campbell, C.A., R.J.K. Myers, and D. Curtin. 1995. Managing nitrogen for sustainable crop production. Fert. Res. 42:277‐296. 146 Carter, M.R. and Macleod J.A. 1987. Biological properties of some Prince Edward Island Soils: Relationship between microbial biomass nitrogen and mineralizable nitrogen. Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 67:333‐ 340. Cassman, K.G., and R.R. Harwood. 1995. The nature of agricultural systems: food security and environmental balance. Food Policy 20, 439‐454. Ceesay, M. 1997. The national rice policy review: Working towards an increased food security. National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Brikama, The Gambia. Chang, T.T., G.C. Loresto, J.C. O’Toole, J.L. Armenta‐Soto. 1982. Strategy and methodology of breeding rice for drought‐prone areas. p. 217‐244. In: IRRI (ed) Drought resistance in crops with emphasis on rice. IRRI Publication, Manila, Philippines. Chapin, F.S. III. 1991. Integrated responses of plants to stress: A centralized system of physiological responses. Bioscience J. 4(1):29‐36. Chevalier, P and L.E. Schrader. 1977. Genotypic differences in nitrate absorption and partioning of N among plant parts in maize. Crop Sci. 17:897‐901. Cicerone, R.J., J.D. Shetter, and C.C. Delwiche. 1983. Seasonal variation of methane flux from a California rice paddy. Journal of Geophysic Research. 88:7203‐7209. Conrad, R. 1989. Control of methane production in terrestial ecosystems, In: Andreae M.O. and Schimel D.S. (eds) Exchange of trace gases between terrestial ecosystems and the atmosphere, pp 39‐58. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, U.K.
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MANAGEMENT OF RICE PRODUCTION SYSTE
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MANAGEMENT OF RICE PRODUCTION SYSTE
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author was
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is indeb
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: RICE
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3.3.2. Effect of Seedling Age at Tr
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Table 10. Grain Yield from Low‐In
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Table 28. Soil Sample Analysis at T
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Table 46. Yield Parameter SRI Ferti
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Figure 10. Grain Yield at Different
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context of food security. As there
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management of soil nutrients and so
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enough fertilizer was available to
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the importation of agricultural inp
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12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 4
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The reason for the decline in The G
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2.1. Introduction CHAPTER TWO: LOW
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tend to produce moderately higher y
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available nitrogen and phosphorus r
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Table 3. Soil Test Data from Upland
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flood/drought cycle, which is provi
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educed transpiration due to soil wa
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management practices (dry land/irri
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Sta Cruz et al. (1994) identified d
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2.1.6. Nutrient Dynamics in Tropica
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efficiency (Cassman and Harwood, 19
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(1) Higher mineralization rate in t
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Translocation of N from the vegetat
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NUEp = TDM / NPLANT (3) From equati
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4) The NuMaSS can be used to predic
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1. Zero application (Control) 2. Lo
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are averages of duplicated assays a
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show any significant differences be
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Table 8. Low‐Input Upland Rice Tr
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stress conditions that prevailed du
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Fertilizer Level Variety Grain Yiel
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Harvest Index Harvest Index 0.6 0.5
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Tissue N (%) Tissue N (%) Tissue N
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According to Fukai et al. (1999) hi
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NUE(grain) g per g (N) NUE(grain) g
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Necessary inputs for the nitrogen m
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Determining Crop N: The first step
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Hierarchy for NSoil: 1. You will en
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e able to access a value from the d
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Figure 10. Grain Yield at Different
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season, but in the event that major
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In many cases, results did not meet
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1995 worked with Malagasy farmers a
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3.1.3. Water Management Water contr
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diffusion from the soil‐water int
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and rewetting of soils as practiced
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2. SRI will increase rice yields be
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Three sets of rice nurseries were p
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Two rice varieties, IET 3137 and IT
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tillering variety, with plant heigh
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Gambia prefer bigger seedlings beca
Page 113 and 114: Figure 12. Number of New Roots Re
Page 115 and 116: Seedling Age 5‐Days 5‐Days 10
Page 117 and 118: Table 14. SRI vs. Conventional Prac
Page 119 and 120: The difference in 1000‐grain weig
Page 121 and 122: Variety Inter Space (cm) ITA 306 IE
Page 123 and 124: 104 SRI management practice using 3
Page 125 and 126: fertilizer, but no better panicle f
Page 127 and 128: increase in fertilizer application.
Page 129 and 130: transplanting urea fertilizer was a
Page 131 and 132: 112 Applying just compost alone gav
Page 133 and 134: submerging the 7‐day old seedling
Page 135 and 136: 116 An increase in SRI yields in su
Page 137 and 138: 4.1. General conclusions CHAPTER FO
Page 139 and 140: practices are 2 to 3 times higher t
Page 141 and 142: application. This study has proven
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX 1: FIELD LAYOUT V. High‐
Page 145 and 146: Table 26. Soil Sample Analysis at H
Page 147 and 148: Low‐Input 40‐40‐40 APPENDIX 3
Page 149 and 150: Table 32. Low‐Input Upland Rice T
Page 151 and 152: Low‐Input 40‐40‐40 Table 34.
Page 153 and 154: Table 36. Nitrogen‐Use Efficiency
Page 155 and 156: Table 38. SRI vs Conventional Pract
Page 157 and 158: Table 40. Grain Yield from SRI Prac
Page 159 and 160: Fertilizer Level Table 42. SRI Fert
Page 161 and 162: Table 44. SRI Fertilizer Management
Page 163: Table 46. Yield Parameters SRI Fert
Page 167 and 168: 148 Dunsmore, J.R., A.B. Rains, G.D
Page 169 and 170: 150 Hassink, J., Lebbink, G. and Va
Page 171 and 172: 152 management in agricultural syst
Page 173 and 174: 154 Root traits to increase drought
Page 175 and 176: 156 emission from rice fields: The
Page 177 and 178: 158 on ammonia volatilization losse
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