Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering (9210-01) - City & Guilds

Principal planes: the planes on which the principal stresses act. The shear stresses are zero on the
principal planes.
Outcome 3 Analyse and design beams under bending loads and calculate
deflection of beams using several methods, including energy
method.
The learner can:
1. Explain and apply the flexure formula, slope and deflection of beams – relation between bending
moment and slope; deflection determinate beams, double integration method (Macaulay’s
method), derivation of formula for slope and elastic deflection for standard cases.
2. Explain and apply Mohr’s first and second theorems (Moment of Area method) to solve
determinate problems.
3. Explain and apply Castigliano's theorem to solve problems.
Outcome 4 Explain buckling of columns under different loading
conditions.
The learner can:
1. Explain columns and failure of columns.
2. Explain critical load of a column and slenderness ratio.
3. Explain and apply Euler’s formula for buckling load for column with different end conditions.
4. Explain the concept of equivalent length for various end conditions.
5. Explain Limitations of Euler’s formula, and Rankine’s formula.
6. Determine safe load on columns.
Range
Critical load - the maximum axial load that a column can support when it is on the verge of
buckling.
Ideal column - the column that is perfectly straight before loading and made of homogeneous
material, and the load is applied through the centroid of the cross section.
Slenderness ratio - is L/r, where r is the smallest radius of gyration of the cross section. Buckling
will occur about the axis where this ratio gives the greatest value.
Outcome 5 Explain kinematic concepts of link mechanisms and their
velocities and accelerations.
The learner can:
1. Explain basic kinematic concepts:
• Inversions
• Single and double slider crank chains straight line motion mechanisms
• Four-bar mechanism kinematics (velocity, acceleration, coupler curve)
• Kennedy theorem of three centers and applied for four-bar mechanism
• Grashof’s theorem to explain categories of four-bar mechanism.
2. Determine velocity and acceleration analysis in mechanisms:
• Relative velocity methods
• Instantaneous center of rotation
• Kennedy theorem of three centres
• Centrifugal acceleration, Coriolis acceleration
• Velocity and acceleration diagrams
• Accelerations in different directions (centrifugal acceleration, tangential acceleration, and
Coriolis acceleration).
Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering (9210-01) 145