Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering (9210-01) - City & Guilds

e. Water pollution criteria
f. BOD
g. COD
h. Toxicity
i. Eutrophication
12. Describe methods of locating and accessing ground water sources
13. Outline influences driving water demand
14. Differentiate and select appropriate pumps and pumping systems for differing applications
Range
Water sanitation and health – the relationship between effective sanitation and the minimisation
of water borne disease. This involves fundamental understanding of water cycles, harvesting,
treatment and distribution of potable water.
Surface water – water available for use that has been replenished by the natural water cycle and
has accumulated in ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and natural reservoirs which is distinct from
ground water.
Ground water – this is sub-surface water that is distinct from but is an integral part of and is added
to by surface water.
Hazen-Williams formula - an empirical formula which relates to the flow of water in a pipe with the
physical properties of the pipe and the pressure drop caused by friction.
Distribution reservoir – storage for treated water capable of supplying water during emergencies
and also to help in absorbing the hourly fluctuations in the normal water demand.
Water treatment – treatment of raw water in order to bring it up to acceptable, nationally agreed
standards for potable water.
Water quality – complying with EU standards set out in the drinking water directive, ground water
directive, nitrates directive, urban wastewater treatment directive, and the water framework
directive.
BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) - is a measure of the amount of oxygen needed by microbial
action to break down the organic matter in a sample of water.
COD (chemical oxygen demand) – is the standard indirect method for the measurement of the
quantity of pollutants in a given sample of water.
Eutrophication – the gradual accumulation of silt and organic matter in a body of water; pond, lake
or inland sea.
Outcome 2 Identify and understand the principles and processes
involved in wastewater disposal systems
The learner can:
1. Differentiate between separate and combined sewerage systems.
2. Assess sewerage systems with respect to design period, flow estimation and quality estimation:
a. Rational formula
b. Runoff coefficients
c. Time of concentration.
3. Determine the requirement of sewer appurtenances:
a. Manholes: types, sizes and spacing
b. Storm water inlets: types, catchment basins.
4. Select sewer construction materials: types, characteristics.
5. Differentiate between types of waste transmission systems:
a. gravity sewers
b. self cleansing and slime control
c. types of pumping stations and rising mains
d. pump types and capacities.
62 Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering (9210-01)