How to Perform On-the-job Training - Dean Amory

6.7 Training Methods
Review of activity 3A
There are a number of different ways a trainee can learn in the workplace. These include:
Trial and Error - letting the trainee gain work experience at their own pace. However, with this
method there are health and safety considerations to take into account.
Work Shadowing - allowing the trainee to observe an experienced and competent operative carry
out the work. This also gives the trainee an idea of the possible problems they may encounter. The
value of work shadowing can be enhanced by:
– the trainee carrying out the observation using a checklist or schedule;
– the operative providing an explanation to the trainee on what they are doing and why.
Demonstration and Instruction - this is the method closest to coaching and allows a trainee to
see the job carried out, explained and then be able to practice carrying out the job under
supervision.
Open and Flexible Learning - this would not be appropriate to developing a practical
competence, though it can be used for skill development in a less hazardous environment, especially
where basic skills have already been developed. You could also use this method to develop the
knowledge required by the trainee to carry out the job competently.
Work-based Projects - helping the trainee to develop a further knowledge and understanding
about the job by carrying out tasks that involve more that just 'doing' and include opportunities to
apply what they have learned.
All of these methods can be used in a training programme to provide the necessary knowledge,
skills, attitudes and experience to allow a trainee to become competent. However, the most effective
method of delivering practical training in the workplace is coaching because it is about helping
trainees to perform a task or job role to the laid down standard required for competent performance.
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