manual for social impact assessment of land-based ... - Forest Trends

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Figure T23: Possible Social Outcomes, Impacts and Change Processes in REDD (with Strict Protection) OUTCOMES Decrease or loss of access to forest for resource extraction / harvest activities (logging of timber, collection of NTFPs, hunting of wild game, etc.) Increase in cash income from carbon payments (to households and community organizations) Improvement in skills and knowledge in forest management, agro-forestry, sustainable agriculture, or wildlife management. OUTCOMES OUTCOMES SOCIAL CHANGE PROCESS Increase and/or stabilization of water flows and/or quality for local users. Increase in wildlife populations due to increase forest cover or increase level of forest protection Increase in perception/recognition of the value of forest resources Increase in income or new income from ecotourism Community organizations and households respond to the growing socioeconomic value of forest carbon and co-benefits by developing and disseminating new norms and practices regarding the use of natural resources, establishing new “rules of the game” for forest resource use. IMPACT More sustainable use of the natural resource base, yielding important livelihood cobenefits. Social Impact Assessment of Land-Based Carbon Projects (1.0) – Part II | 103
T9 Further Guidance on Indicator Selection T9.1 Introduction Indicators are important and can be used throughout the full spectrum of project management for planning, implementation, monitoring, reporting and managing. Most importantly, indicators are tools for measuring a project’s progress and achievements in realizing project outputs, outcomes and impacts. Indicators provide a simple and reliable means to measure progress and achievements, thus ensuring legitimacy and accountability to all stakeholders. But remember, indicators only indicate; they do not explain. What type of indicator is best? The choice makes a difference. Validity, accuracy, sensitivity, transparency/plausibility and cost-effectiveness are all important considerations when defining or selecting indicators. Some general guidelines on indicator selection include: Avoid reinventing the wheel. Considerable efforts to formulate indicators have been undertaken in a number of relevant contexts, such as the UN Millennium Development Goals, Performance Indicators of the Global Environment Facility (GEF, 2000), work in poverty alleviation, economic development, governance, forest management and other sectors that address social well-being, such as poverty reduction, health and education. Some indicator lists have been included in Section T10 Social Indicator Checklists. Keep it simple. Each indicator should convey a single meaningful message or information. The indicator should be easy to detect, record and interpret; in other words, indicators should be unambiguous. Indicators that are easy to detect, record and interpret contribute significantly toward the goal of cost-effectiveness. The process of defining indicators itself can help project proponents and stakeholders in clarifying the outcomes being sought. If it proves difficult to identify an outcome indicator, it usually reflects a lack of clarity in conceiving the outcome, or the excessively broad or ambitious nature of the outcome sought. More is not better. The key to good indicators is credibility. A larger number of indicators tends to make things more confusing, generate a lot of not-so-necessary data, and increases the cost of monitoring change. Indicators should be used to provide approximate answers to a few important questions rather than seek to provide exact answers to many less important questions. Given that resources for monitoring are limited, choosing the right set of indicators is very important. One or two clearly articulated indicators that measure the link between the activity and the output or the output and outcome are sufficient. As one moves upward (toward the overall social objective or impact) in the conceptual model, the number of indicators linked to each element tends to diminish. Check for objectivity. The validity of an indicator is related to its reliability in measuring what it is designed to measure in a replicable way. In other words, when reapplying the same assessment procedure to the same conditions, the same answer should result (CIFOR 2001). The literature often refers to the need for ‘objectively verifiable indicators’ (OVI). Social Impact Assessment of Land-Based Carbon Projects (1.0) – Part II | 104
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MANUAL FOR SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Table of Contents T1 Introduction t
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List of Boxes Box T1. General Data
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Forest Trends’ mission is to main
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List of Acronyms (Core Guidance and
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Sections T5 and T6 present a range
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Figure T1: The Main Stages and Step
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Figure T2: Example of a Conceptual
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Figure T4: Generic Conceptual Model
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Stages 3-5 of Open Standards The re
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Figure T7: Diagram of the ROtI Anal
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table so they can be read, discusse
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Table T1: Theory of Change for Seyc
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T2.4 Participatory Impact Pathways
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Table T4: The PIPA Outcomes Logic M
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Main Sources and Further Guidance h
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T3 Sustainability Framework Approac
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Figure T12: SAPA Initiative Modifie
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1. Identify a small group of key in
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Table T6: Example of LOAM Livelihoo
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T4 Matching Methods T4.1 Introducti
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Advantages and Disadvantages of ‘
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Box T1. General Data Collection and
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Box T3. Data Collection Methods Pro
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T6 Specific Data Collection Methods
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Table T8: Example of a Household BN
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The poverty index can range from 0%
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The PIA guide proposes the followin
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day. The ‘before project’ score
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Figure T15: “Before and After”
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Page 63 and 64: Impact calendars Impact calendars c
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Page 67 and 68: Table T15: Scoring of Changes in Ag
Page 69 and 70: Table T17: QPA Scoring of Social Eq
Page 71 and 72: T6.4 Participatory Economic Valuati
Page 73 and 74: Advantages and Disadvantages of Par
Page 75 and 76: The stories are collected from thos
Page 77 and 78: Main Sources and Further Guidance D
Page 79 and 80: Table T19: Stakeholder Analysis Pro
Page 81 and 82: Figure T18. Venn Diagram with Stake
Page 83 and 84: T7.2 Problem Trees Assuming it is p
Page 85 and 86: T7.3 Scenario Analysis Scenarios ar
Page 87 and 88: Box T7. Driving Forces in a Communi
Page 89 and 90: Maack, J.N. 2001. Scenario analysis
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Page 95 and 96: Physical Capital Positive changes i
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Page 101 and 102: PROJECT: PROFAFOR TYPE: Plantations
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Page 105 and 106: HUMAN CAPITAL Increase in perceptio
Page 107 and 108: Table T26: Potential Mid- to Long-T
Page 109 and 110: Figure T20: Example of Relationship
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Page 115 and 116: Box T9. Goals and Indicators Defini
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Page 119 and 120: Table T27: Indicator Quality Assess
Page 121 and 122: Box T10. Indicators Derived from th
Page 123 and 124: T9.5 Disaggregating Indicators Mult
Page 125 and 126: Mayoux, L. 2001. What Do We Want to
Page 127 and 128: Landscape Outcomes Assessment Metho
Page 129 and 130: • Access to essential services (w
Page 131 and 132: T10.3 Social Indicators Derived fro
Page 133 and 134: Empowerment of women indicators:
Page 135 and 136: CCBA, 2008. Climate, Community & Bi
Page 137 and 138: James A., Pangtey V., Singh P. & Vi
Page 139: SEEP Network. 2006. Social Performa
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