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Pretty, J., Guijt, I., Thompson, J. and Scoones, I. 1996. Participatory Learning and Action. A Trainer's Guide. PROFOR, 2008. Poverty Forests Linkages Toolkit. Program on Forests, World Bank, Washington, DC http://www.profor.info/profor/node/103 Richards, M., Davies, J. & Yaron, G. 2003. Stakeholder Incentives in Participatory Forest Management. A Manual for Economic Analysis. London: ITDG Publishing Schreckenberg, K., Camargo, I., Withnall, K., Corrigan, C., Franks, P., Roe, D. and Scherl, L.M. 2010. Social Assessment of Protected Areas: a review of rapid methodologies. A report for the Social Assessment of Protected Areas (SAPA) Initiative. International Institute for Environment and Development. London, UK TRANSLINKS. 2007. Livelihood Surveys. A tool for conservation design, action and monitoring. TRANSLINKS 16 Household Survey Manual. Wildlife Conservation Society/USAID http://rmportal.net/library/content/translinks/LivelihoodSurveys_Manual_WCS_2007.pdf/vi ew Social Impact Assessment of Land-Based Carbon Projects (1.0) – Part II | 39
T6 Specific Data Collection Methods T6.1 The Basic Necessities Survey (BNS) The Basic Necessities Survey (BNS) method was originally developed by Action Aid 6 , and more recently adapted by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) for social impact monitoring of protected areas. The BNS method measures poverty change over time according to whether community members think they are getting more or less ‘basic necessities’ than before the project, or since the last time the BNS was carried out. The BNS is a quick and relatively inexpensive way (about US$3-4/household) of measuring and tracking changes in poverty level. It can also be used to look at other aspects of poverty such as household access to basic needs, the extent of disparity in this access, and how perceptions of what is a ‘basic necessity’ change over time (TRANSLINKS, 2007). The BNS should be implemented in control and treatment (project) communities in order to allow for attribution, and is therefore a very useful method when used in conjunction with the quasiexperimental approach assuming that the project expects to have an impact on the general poverty level of project communities. Description of Method 7 If poverty can be defined broadly as ‘the lack of basic necessities’, a valid approach to poverty assessment is to check whether a project has resulted in a change in the extent to which people’s ‘basic necessities’ are being met. Unlike income approaches to poverty assessment (i.e., number of people living on less than US$2/day), there is no a priori definition of ‘basic necessities’, partly since what can be considered as a basic necessity is likely to vary both by location and over time (within the same location). The survey is completed in three steps: • Identification of possible basic necessities via focus groups; • Application of the survey; and • Analysis of the data collected. 6 Especially by Rick Davies (http://www.mande.co.uk), an independent monitoring and evaluation expert working for ActionAid (TRANSLINKS, 2007). 7 Acknowledgement: this BNS methods description is adapted from a version licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Social Impact Assessment of Land-Based Carbon Projects (1.0) – Part II | 40
Page 1 and 2: MANUAL FOR SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents T1 Introduction t
Page 5 and 6: List of Boxes Box T1. General Data
Page 7 and 8: Forest Trends’ mission is to main
Page 9 and 10: List of Acronyms (Core Guidance and
Page 11 and 12: Sections T5 and T6 present a range
Page 13 and 14: Figure T1: The Main Stages and Step
Page 15 and 16: Figure T2: Example of a Conceptual
Page 17 and 18: Figure T4: Generic Conceptual Model
Page 19 and 20: Stages 3-5 of Open Standards The re
Page 21 and 22: Figure T7: Diagram of the ROtI Anal
Page 23 and 24: table so they can be read, discusse
Page 25 and 26: Table T1: Theory of Change for Seyc
Page 27 and 28: T2.4 Participatory Impact Pathways
Page 29 and 30: Table T4: The PIPA Outcomes Logic M
Page 31 and 32: Main Sources and Further Guidance h
Page 33 and 34: T3 Sustainability Framework Approac
Page 35 and 36: Figure T12: SAPA Initiative Modifie
Page 37 and 38: 1. Identify a small group of key in
Page 39 and 40: Table T6: Example of LOAM Livelihoo
Page 41 and 42: T4 Matching Methods T4.1 Introducti
Page 43 and 44: Advantages and Disadvantages of ‘
Page 45 and 46: Box T1. General Data Collection and
Page 47: Box T3. Data Collection Methods Pro
Page 51 and 52: Table T8: Example of a Household BN
Page 53 and 54: The poverty index can range from 0%
Page 55 and 56: The PIA guide proposes the followin
Page 57 and 58: day. The ‘before project’ score
Page 59 and 60: Figure T15: “Before and After”
Page 61 and 62: Table T10: Pair-Wise Ranking Showin
Page 63 and 64: Impact calendars Impact calendars c
Page 65 and 66: A large sample is needed to be conf
Page 67 and 68: Table T15: Scoring of Changes in Ag
Page 69 and 70: Table T17: QPA Scoring of Social Eq
Page 71 and 72: T6.4 Participatory Economic Valuati
Page 73 and 74: Advantages and Disadvantages of Par
Page 75 and 76: The stories are collected from thos
Page 77 and 78: Main Sources and Further Guidance D
Page 79 and 80: Table T19: Stakeholder Analysis Pro
Page 81 and 82: Figure T18. Venn Diagram with Stake
Page 83 and 84: T7.2 Problem Trees Assuming it is p
Page 85 and 86: T7.3 Scenario Analysis Scenarios ar
Page 87 and 88: Box T7. Driving Forces in a Communi
Page 89 and 90: Maack, J.N. 2001. Scenario analysis
Page 91 and 92: In terms of non-monetary benefits,
Page 93 and 94: and duration of employment, the sta
Page 95 and 96: Physical Capital Positive changes i
Page 97 and 98: these strategic resource off-limits
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einforce existing institutions or n
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PROJECT: PROFAFOR TYPE: Plantations
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their occurrence will depend in lar
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HUMAN CAPITAL Increase in perceptio
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Table T26: Potential Mid- to Long-T
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Figure T20: Example of Relationship
Page 111 and 112:
Figure T22: Additional Potential So
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T9 Further Guidance on Indicator Se
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Box T9. Goals and Indicators Defini
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When selecting indicators, it is be
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Table T27: Indicator Quality Assess
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Box T10. Indicators Derived from th
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T9.5 Disaggregating Indicators Mult
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Mayoux, L. 2001. What Do We Want to
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Landscape Outcomes Assessment Metho
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• Access to essential services (w
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T10.3 Social Indicators Derived fro
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Empowerment of women indicators:
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CCBA, 2008. Climate, Community & Bi
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James A., Pangtey V., Singh P. & Vi
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SEEP Network. 2006. Social Performa
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