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presentations here in Leipzig have augmented the picture with several vital elements which must also be taken into consideration. As important and correct the request not to oversimplify everything was, I caught myself once or twice thinking: my goodness, how can we manage to achieve all this? I was here naturally thinking less of my task of producing an initial interim summary, although it goes without saying that this would not be made any easier, but above all of our plan to present the EU Commission with viable recommendations resulting from the conference. I finally spied dry land yesterday evening in a preliminary talk including reports from the working groups and, without wanting to anticipate the results from these working groups which will be presented below, I should like to draw three personal conclusions from the conference: 1. The conference has shown that where transversal national strategies exist, integrated approaches function better on a local level. The involvement of all relevant departments also appears to be important. Without doubt, these are ambitious demands and Howard Williamson has just reiterated in his contribution the problems associated with this approach. The conference has however shown that this can actually function and it will remain to be seen which will be the conditions for success on a national level. 2. Experiences from a number of projects appear to suggest that it is not only state actors which should be involved, but also non-state actors on an eye-to-eye level, i.e. NGOs, local initiatives and, not to be forgotten, private enterprise, although the ultimate responsibility must remain with the state. 3. National processes are necessary to provide flexible answers to local conditions and allow sufficient scope for local actors to guarantee independent local implementation. Global funds and micro-projects which are managed and created locally appear to be important elements. The subject of participation is also part of a sensitive consideration of local conditions. We are aware that projects which foresee participation of affected persons right from the start meet with greater success than purely top-down ‘happiness projects’, how ever well meant these may have been. In conclusion, allow me to touch on two final thoughts which arose at different points during the conference and which provoked a great deal of reflection. When we talk about national strategies, this inevitably provokes the question as to what is to be achieved. The relevant question here is often how the target groups are to be defined, as different departmental areas all have widely heterogenic perspectives. What the school considers to be truancy is seen by the social worker as unsolved adolescent problems and by employment administration departments as a disqualification for integration on the employment market. If however transversal strategies are to be coordinated and determined, the question arises as to who has the final say and which criteria influence the relevant processes. This throws up a further probing question which was incidentally briefly touched on by a Swedish colleague: could it be that the concept of relating to clearly defined target groups could become a new problem in itself in view of the problems already encountered in urban districts and neglected rural areas? This is however a new wide subject to be saved up for the next time round. 107
Dr. Susann Burchardt, Dr. Heike Förster, Tatjana Mögling Integration strategies for disadvantaged children and young persons – the welfare state context and specific influential programme and problem factors As underlined in the introduction, the general conditions for the development and implementation of support programmes and strategies for disadvantaged children and young persons in European countries are characterised by the relevant welfare state context. This context influences the underlying social aims, orientation and evaluation of these strategies within the framework of social and youth policy efforts and the qualitative extent of support and integration opportunities for disadvantaged children and young persons. Support strategies differ depending on whether it is chiefly welfare-oriented characteristics which dominate social and youth policy, i.e. the provision of benefit payments, or activating elements, i.e. the guarantee of chances and opportunities for disadvantaged children and young persons and their families. A wide range of social resources are implemented in the programmes according to the dominating form of welfare-state orientation in individual countries. In South-Eastern European countries for example, a focus on family-related resources is more probable, as welfare on the part of the family is a central issue in the prevalent welfare orientation of these countries. It can also be assumed that the socialistic roots of state welfare orientation in Eastern and Southern European countries also exert an influence on relevant national programmes such as the integration of ethnic minorities. Intensely welfare-oriented and also paternalistic influences are more probable than in strongly individualistically oriented, economically liberal countries such as Great Britain. On the basis of Esping-Andersen und Holtmann (Esping-Anderson 1990, Holtmann 2006) and extended to include the new Eastern European EU member states, the participating EU countries can be categorised according to their fundamental and historically developed welfare state orientation as follows: Portugal Italy Conservation of status, oriented towards professions and employment Germany France Central welfare state characteristics Family-oriented Employment-oriented welfare social security system, organisation, strong social pronounced associations, welfare aspects pronounced welfare of family-related orientation; benefits for the subsidiarity needy; subsidiarity Great Britain Ireland Pronounced orientation towards voluntary, market-based, organised aid for the needy Familyoriented Economicliberal Socialdemocratic Scandinavian states – not represented Strong social state responsible for social security, civil rights Former Socialist countries Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic Stateorganised aid benefits; development of welfare-stateorientation still possible 108
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EU Congress “Children and Young P
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Table of Contents Introduction ....
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state concepts produce different na
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highlighted the importance of small
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Programme EU Congress “Children a
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WG 4: Cross-departmental strategies
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Working Group 1: Education Presenta
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promoted, respecting the voice of y
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cooperation with each other. Unfort
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coordination of skills, are aimed a
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Question for Discussion − How to
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22 3. The encouragement and strengt
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The other major obstacle for youngs
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History The project was based on a
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The innovative outcome of the proje
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There are four broad reasons why we
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In youth work and adult education o
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For those who remain on Youthreach
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Working Group 3: Multicultural Livi
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Good results are achieved in locali
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education with her friends. The sup
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Presentation Lithuania Tadas Leonč
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Key policy programmes concerning na
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Presentation Europarat Kathrin Grot
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− Participation Symposium 25th -
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Report working group 3: Multicultur
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Working Group 4: Cross-departmental
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Example of local implementation - N
Page 59 and 60: Presentation France Philippe Choffe
Page 61 and 62: These facts demand ambitious measur
Page 63 and 64: 25 boarding school projects were se
Page 65 and 66: Presentation United Kingdom Kate Mo
Page 67 and 68: Evaluator’s Perspective In conclu
Page 69 and 70: national observation authority. Bri
Page 71 and 72: Working group 5: Local strategies f
Page 73 and 74: projects for young people. The LOS
Page 75 and 76: targeted a total of 332,004 persons
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Page 79 and 80: the granting of a subsidy to enable
Page 81 and 82: S (Strengths)• Effective approach
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Page 85 and 86: Implementation in London In London,
Page 87 and 88: Report for working group 5: Local s
Page 89 and 90: Prof. Salvador Parrado, Governance
Page 91 and 92: What is governance? • reflects a
Page 93 and 94: Prof. Rainer Kilb, Fachhochschule M
Page 95 and 96: anomic developments and, secondly,
Page 97 and 98: Three factors have a particularly p
Page 99 and 100: • individual encouragement of tal
Page 101 and 102: Literature • Principle of transve
Page 103 and 104: These developments need relatively
Page 105 and 106: that was struck in 2005 on matters
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Page 109: premises practical concepts have pr
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Page 115 and 116: spanning the fields of education, h
Page 117 and 118: The various functions of programmes
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Page 125 and 126: Literature professional standards s
Page 127 and 128: Carmona Maria Instituto de Apoio à
Page 129 and 130: Knudsen John Vinter Youth Guidance
Page 131 and 132: Rombach Jürgen Stadt Eschweiler De
Page 133 and 134: Speakers Surname First name Organis
Page 135 and 136: Project fair Ausstellergruppe Surna
Page 137 and 138: Frankreich Douat Rémi L'atelier Jo
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