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3. multi-cultural mixed structure in/around the locations, facilities and organisations
providing identity,
4. intercultural programme offered by socio-environmental institutions (day-care
centres, schools, clubs and leisure centres)
5. positive mediation arrangements.
According to Bourdieu, the social environment is more an environment of semantic
association and on no account merely physical space. This environment is shaped through
the combination of specific social lifestyles and social positions which are in turn created
through a hierarchy of economic, cultural and social resources.
Differentiated approaches for the development of urban districts
Can prevention strategies be created which are adequate to solve
existing problems?
Developments in the urban environment can both cause and encourage disintegrating
structures. They are instrumental in shaping the various characteristics of the district
through their effects as learning fields, contrasting experiential fields, labelling and
solidifying fields and also as spaces which communicate disintegrating and disorientating
impulses to their inhabitants.
Causes, backgrounds, development forms and opportunities are all highly varied and
necessitate differentiated prevention strategies and approaches which are socioenvironmentally
adequate: these will be briefly discussed below. The various appropriate
measures to be undertaken are oriented towards three overriding aims: integration,
establishment of regulations and residential environmental planning. The following specific focal
points should be developed according to these target contours for the four segregation
types:
Type Ghetto:
• Enhancement within the general local context e.g. through the relocation of
sub-central or central community facilities and services and/or attractive
commercial facilities for the whole town such as sports facilities, leisure
activities and cultural or even consumer facilities. Examples include the
construction of a supra-regional shopping centre on industrial wasteland in a
disadvantaged neighbourhood in the city of Cologne, the Guggenheim Museum
designed by Gehry in the harbour area of Bilbao or the World Cup stadium in
Paris.
• Combination of work and training projects with improvements undertaken in
residential areas (for example: refurbishment of buildings and green spaces in
socially disadvantaged housing estates such as the Ahornstrasse in
Frankfurt/Main by means of an employment project organised by a city youth
welfare organisation) with working units consisting of peer groups.
• Community work based on the US-American “leader model“: i.e. the utilisation
of existing informal local “hierarchy structures” for internal regulation and
representation approaches in dealing with external groups. Existing groups of
this kind must be partially formalised and upgraded, frequently also
democratised with the aid of expert support and “freed” from previously
repressive impulses;
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