|6.2 Synthesis of the Metal Complexes| under air. Yield: 106 mg (82.9 mmol, 95%). CH 3 -bpy 1 H-NMR (400 MHz, CD 3 CN): δ = 8.81 (dd, 2H (4-ip,11-ip) , CH 3 '-bpy 3'-bpy 5'-bpy N 6'-bpy 3-bpy N 9-ip 10-ip N6-bpy 11-ip CH 2 N N Cl Ru 2+ Pd 2-ip N N Cl N 5-bpy 6-ip 4-ip 5-ip Ar Ar Ar Ru(bbip)Pd 3 J = 8.8 Hz, 4 J = 0.8 Hz), 8.68 (d, 2H (3bpy) , 4 J = 1.9 Hz), 8.64 (d, 2H (3bpy’) , 4 J = 1.8 Hz), 8.10 (dd, 2H (6-ip,9-ip) , 3 J = 5.3 Hz, 4 J = 0.8 Hz), 7.70 (dd, 2H (5-ip,10-ip) , 3 J = 5.3 Hz, 3 J = 8.9 Hz), 7.66 (d, 2H (6-bpy) , 3 J = 6.1 Hz), 7.54 (dd, 2H (5-bpy) , 3 J = 6.1 Hz, 4 J = 2.0 Hz), 7.50 (d, 4H (Ar) , 3 J = 7.4 Hz), 7.34 (m, 8H (Ar+6-bpy’) ), 7.27 (dd, 2H (5-bpy’) , 3 J = 6.1 Hz, 4 J =2.0 Hz), 7.14 (d, 2H (CH2 ), 2 J = 17.7 Hz), 6.96 (d, 2H (CH2 ’), 2 J = 17.6 Hz), 1.43 (s, 18H (CH3 )), 1.35 (s, 18H (CH3 ’)) ppm. MS (ESI): m/z = 1235.1 (20%, [{(tbbpy) 2 Ru}(bbip){Pd(H2O)Cl 2 }] + ), 821.9 (35%, [{(tbbpy)Ru(bbip)} 2 {Pd 2 Cl 4 }] 4+ [Cl] - ), 810.9 (35%, [{(tbbpy) 2 Ru(bbip)} 2 {Pd 2 Cl 4 }] 3+ ), 563.3 (100%, [{(tbpy) 2 Ru(bbip)} 2 {PdCl 2 }] 4+ ), 528.4 (25%, [{(tbbpy) 2 Ru(bbip)}(H 2 O)] 2+ ), all with well fitting isotopic pattern. 6.2.22 Attempted Synthesis of [Ru(tbbpy) 2 (Br 2 bbip)][PF 6 ] 2 - Ru(Br 2 bbip) As described in method C1, 147.3 mg (208 µmol) of [Ru(tbbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] and 100 mg (208 µmol) of Br 2 bbip were dissolved in 200 ml of DMF/water (4:1/v:v). This mixture was refluxed for 5 hours in a microwave. After cooling, the solvent was removed under vacuum and the product was taken up in 50 ml of water. The undesired solids were filtered off and 760 mg NH 4 PF 6 dissolved in 5 ml of water were added to obtained a red precipitate. The crude was filtered off and washed with water several times. After redissolution in dichloromethane removal of water a red solid was obtained. Purification was achieved via back and forth counter ion exchange with Bu 4 NCl and NH 4 PF 6 as described in the case of Ru 2 (edip). Yield: 158 mg (135 µmol, 65%) of the wrong product. The pure complex turned out to be Ru(Br 2 bip). 1 H-NMR (acetonitrile-d 3 , 400 MHz): δ = 9.22 (d, 1H (4/11-ip) , 4 J = 1.9 Hz), 8.70 (d, 1H (11/4-ip) , 4 J = 1.8 Hz), 8.60 (d, 1H (3-bpy) , 4 J = 1.9 Hz), 8.57 (d, 1H (3’-bpy) , 4 J = 1.9 Hz), 8.57 (d, 1H (3”-bpy) , 4 J = 1.9 Hz), 8.56 (s, 1H (2-ip) ), 8.54 (d, 1H (3”’-bpy) , 4 J = 1.9 Hz), 7.94 (d, 1H (6/9-ip) , 4 J = 1.9 Hz), 7.85 (d, 1H (9/6-ip) , 4 J = 1.7 Hz), 7.60 (d, 2H (5,5’-bpy) , 3 J = 6.0 Hz), 7.44 (m, 4H (6,6’-bpy,Ar-ip) ), 7.36 (m, 3H (Ar-ip) ), 7.24 (d, 2H (5”/5”’-bpy) , 3 J = 6.6 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1H (6”-bpy) , 4 J = 2.1 Hz, 3 J = 4.0 Hz), 7.19 (dd, 1H (6”’-bpy) , 4 J = 2.0 Hz, 3 J = 4.0 Hz), 6.04 (s, 1H (CH2 -ip)), 1.43 (s, 1H (CH3 -bpy)), 1.42 (s, 1H (CH3 ’-bpy)), 1.37 (s, |233|
|6.2 Synthesis of the Metal Complexes| 1H (CH3 ”-bpy)), 1.36 (s, 1H (CH3 ”’-bpy)) ppm. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained from diethyl ether/chloroform. Crystal data for Ru(Br 2 bip): [C 56 H 60 N 8 Br 2 Ru]Cl 2 × 3.5 CHCl 3 × C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 , M r = 1668.82 g /mol, red-brown cuboid, size 0.46 × 0.30 × 0.24 mm 3 , monoclinic, space group C2/c (No. 15), a = 28.494(2), b = 16.7022(14), c = 30.867(3) Å, α = 90.000, β = 96.8970(10), γ = 90.000°, V = 14583(2) Å 3 , T = 100K, Z = 8, ρ calcd. = 1.520 g /cm 3 , µ (Mo-Kα) = 1.815 cm -1 , F(000) = 6760, 65649 reflections in h(-34/32), k(-20/19), l(-37/37) measured in the range 2.07° ≤ Θ ≤ 25.35°, completeness Φ max = 99.4%, 13274 independent reflections, R int = 0.0420, 13274 reflections with F o > 4σ(F o ), 1014 parameters, 393 restraints, R obs. = 0.0711, wR 2 obs. = 0.1853, R all = 0.1019, wR 2 all = 0.2087 , GOOF = 1.087 , largest difference peak and hole: 2.106 / -1.586 e /Å 3 . The data file dp1004 includes the full crystallographic data and can be obtained from Dr. Frank Heinemann (IAC, FAU-Erlangen-Nürnberg). 6.2.23 [Ru(tbbpy) 2 (eip)][PF 6 ] 2 - Ru(eip) The title compound was obtained, following method C1. 104 mg (146 µmol) of [Ru(tbbpy) 2 Cl 2 ] and 36.4 mg (146 µmol) of eip were reacted in the microwave for 90 minutes in 50 ml of ethanol/water. After cooling and removal of ethanol and a dark precipitate 142 mg (870 µmol) of NH 4 PF 6 were added. The formed precipitate was collected and washed with water several times. Purification was achieved by recrystallization from acetone/ethanol/water by slow evaporation. After removal of water the pure Ru(eip) was obtained as red powder. The yield was 155 mg (132 µmol, 90%). |234|
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Development of Novel Catalysts for
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Diese Arbeit entstand auf Anregung
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Den Arbeisgruppen von Prof. Dr. U.
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Fossi
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|Contents| 6 Experimental Section 1
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|1 Introduction| 1 Introduction The
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|1.1 Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power
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|1.2 Renewable Fuels| of natural ga
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|1.3 Energy Transformation and Stor
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|1.4 Solar Energy Conversion| A fra
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|1.5 Photosynthesis| Figure 9: Mole
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|1.6 Photocatalyzed Reactions| 2 NA
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|1.6 Photocatalyzed Reactions| (1)
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|1.7 Mimicking Photosynthesis| So t
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|1.8 Formalisms of Photocatalytic S
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|1.9 Multicomponent Systems from Fu
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|1.10 Intramolecular Photoredoxcata
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|1.10 Intramolecular Photoredoxcata
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|1.10 Intramolecular Photoredoxcata
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|2 Scope of the Thesis| motifs with
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|3.1 Brominated Phenanthrolines - A
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|3.2 Bisphenanthroline: A Suitable
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f f f f f f |3.2 Bisphenanthroline:
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|3.2 Bisphenanthroline: A Suitable
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|3.3 NN-NHC-Ligand bbip: Toward Sec
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|3.3 NN-NHC-Ligand bbip: Toward Sec
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|3.3 NN-NHC-Ligand bbip: Toward Sec
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|3.3 NN-NHC-Ligand bbip: Toward Sec
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|3.3 NN-NHC-Ligand bbip: Toward Sec
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|3.3 NN-NHC-Ligand bbip: Toward Sec
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|3.4 Outlook, Exploratory Investiga
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|3.4 Outlook, Exploratory Investiga
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|3.4 Outlook, Exploratory Investiga
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|3.4 Outlook, Exploratory Investiga
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|4 Summary| 4 Summary Against the b
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|4 Summary| The resulting complexes
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|4 Summary| 10 [TEA] + TEA visible
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|4 Summary| absorption between 430
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